Reaction Paper to Amish in America Essay Example

Reaction Paper to Amish in America Paper Nick Stratton Professor Taylor soc 204 May 13, 2013 Reaction Paper to Amish in America In our society today, we have many different groups, religions, cultures, and even sub-cultures. Each one of these groups has their own commonly accepted way of life. In particular, there is a very large community of people who call themselves the Amish. These people live in a society where there are very strict rules, values, and beliefs that they follow on a daily basis. Most modern Americans would strongly reject the lifestyle chosen by the Amish, so it can seem surprising to learn that this group is actually growing. Why is this possible? I believe the Amish are growing because they are approaching a stage in their world where they must adapt their ways or fail to thrive. The Amish have always been a people of the old country; they were taught a way of doing things while still following a very strict moral and religious code. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper to Amish in America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper to Amish in America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper to Amish in America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the video that we watched in class, when they were doing the documentary on the Amish people, they only wanted to be videotaped in profile in order to have those outside their culture believe they are all one homogenous group. In fact, their religious faith is ultimately the foundation for the reason for everything from what hey wear to what they drive. Ever since the day a child is born into an Amish family, they begin the process of training the child to obey their system of values and beliefs that defines their way of life. This socialization process is crucial to their way of building a strong sense of connection to the rest of their community. As the youth transition from childhood to adulthood, according to the video The America of the Amish, the adolescents are given a period of time between the ages of 16 and 20 during which they are allowed to experience many things outside the Amish culture and norms, without fear of reprisal. This period of time is known as Rumspringa, basically translated from German to mean Jumping around. However, not all Amish people were born into the culture. In the video, we saw a mother and two daughters Join an Amish community after leaving California and moving to Intercourse, Pennsylvania. I believe they did this because the Amish life has a simpler and more straightforward way of doing things. This allows people in the community to live a much more stress free life. In addition, living in an Amish commune adds a sense of safety, security, and overall wellbeing. As th e Amish evolve, they are experiencing more modern techniques to ccomplish day to day tasks. They still dont use electricity but, unlike when the elders held obstinately to the prescribed way, now Amish people have embraced certain advances in technology in order to increase efficiency in their daily life. Men and women have also embraced different ways of earning money other than through agricultural means on their own farm site. One case in point is Amish people running a stand at a local market using electricity in order to make a pront pure fact that the Amish are learning to evolve in todays society is the reason I believe that the Amish community as a whole is growing in the United States.

Treasure Islands Impact on Society, Literacy, and Pop Culture Professor Ramos Blog

Treasure Islands Impact on Society, Literacy, and Pop Culture If you’ve ever eaten fried fish from the fast food chain, Long John Silver’s, visited the Las Vegas strip and walked by the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino, sung along with Tim Curry’s Long John Silver while watching Muppet Treasure Island as a kid, or if you can close your eyes and picture a pirate with a peg leg, a parrot on his shoulder, and a map for buried treasure marked by an ‘X’, you’ve experienced the influence of the novel, Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson. Originally published in 1883, Treasure Island has captivated audiences for over 136 years. At time of publication, it presented new role models for Englishmen and anti-Imperialist themes at a time when Britain was only gaining more and more power. Over the years, it’s become a favorite of literary scholars for studying the complexities of characters, the themes within children’s literature, and how to apply what we learn from stories to our own lives. Howev er, not everyone chooses to look so closely at the novel, because it remains a story treasured by many, pardon the pun, and whether or not someone has read it it is highly likely that they’ve come across pieces of Treasure Island’s legacy. Robert Louis Stevenson was a Scottish author who originally published the story of Treasure Island as a serial in a magazine under a pseudonym, however, when it was compiled and published about a year later as a novel, it was Stevenson’s first success. Treasure Island is an adventure that follows Jim Hawkins, the young son of an inn owner, when he gets swept up in a hunt for buried treasure. A long-time, mysterious patron of the inn is hunted down by a band of pirates- former shipmates- and Jim finds what the pirates are looking for: a map to untold riches buried on an island by notorious pirate, Captain Flint. Taking the map to officers Jim trusts, Dr. Livesy and Squire Trelawney, he begins a voyage to search for the legendary treasure that soon becomes treacherous after a mutiny against the Captain Smollett led by the ship’s cook, a one-legged man known as Long John Silver, puts Jim and the honest adults in a precarious position. Outnumbered by the pirates, Jim embark s several daring solo missions to disadvantage the mutineers at the risk of his life and the trust his companions have in him. Long John Silver eventually turns against his mates to strike a deal with the doctor so with his aid and the help of a marooned man they encounter named Ben Gunn, Jim and his companions are able to locate and secure the treasure, eventually all returning home. Treasure Island was originally published in 1881 as a serial in the magazine Young Folks, but despite it’s inclusion of almost every element young boys would find exciting- danger, guns, buried treasure, fighting- it wasn’t well-recepted by this audience. However, after being compiled and sold as a novel in 1883, adults across Victorian England were fascinated by the story, the characters, and the subliminal themes throughout the text. At the time, Englishmen were struggling with their own identities and what it meant to be an educated man, a husband, a father, a gentleman. According to Chamutal Noimann in his scholarly paper titled from a line in the novel, â€Å"He a Cripple, And I a Boy,† Treasure Island was a direct challenge to typical ideas of a male’s role in English society and Jim and Long John Silver serve as the two sides of what Stevenson believed a man should be. Jim is a boy, antithesis of masculinity in his youth, lack of education, and will ingness to act alone and against authority. As for Silver, Noimann describes him as â€Å"an outlaw, physically deformed, and morally questionable, yet seen by all as a gentleman.† Silver even refers to himself as a â€Å"gentleman o’ fortune† and Noimann asserts, â€Å"his violence and greed are the ailments of an imperialistic society that condones the practice of stealing the treasures of others in the name of God, Gold, and Glory.† Both Jim and Silver represent a modern gentleman for the era by being honorable and responsible for their own actions, dutiful to each other, and untraditionally domestic. As Noimann touched on, the boy and the pirate also represent Robert Louis Stevenson’s anti-Imperialist views at a time when England was well-known as the Empire â€Å"on which the sun will never set.† The gentleman and pirate figures in society were directly created by colonialism and greed. In an article published in the journal, Victorian Studies, titled â€Å"Imperial Boyhood: Piracy and the Play Ethic†, Professor Bradley Deane explores the fascination with perpetual boyhood in late-Victorian England and traces it back to Treasure Island as one of the earliest representations of boyhood and piracy being intertwined to support a new moral code. Pirates throughout history and especially in literature in the mid-Victorian era were painted to be barbaric criminals and enemies of civilization itself, but Stevenson is the first to turn this notion on its head. Long John Silver is a pirate, but he is also educated, honorable, kind to Jim, and by Noimann’s conc lusion, a gentleman. Deane’s writing takes this conclusion one step further. The pirate is a gentleman, the boy is a pirate, and the British Empire itself is the source of moral ambiguity within men. The fantasy of never-ending boyhood, prevalent in the late nineteenth century, finds its roots in Treasure Island and inspired stories like Peter Pan a boy who never grows up and his counterpart, a gentlemanly pirate. As Deane points out, however, this is just a fantasy. Peter Pan â€Å"represents a crucial reformulation of the ethical order of imperialism and its intersection with masculine identity, an enlivening dream of manhood reconstituted as the exhilarating play of clever and heartless boys in empire’s great game.† Treasure Island was able to offer Englishmen at the time an alternative to their known roles in society by way of the Empire and gives them the ability to question what is right and wrong, what makes a gentleman and what makes a scoundrel, and if being a man means holding on to boyhood and promoting the fantasy to our own children. Thanks to this novel, historians can pinpoint the shift in political views during the Victorian era from a liberal Imperialist nation to one questioning the lengths their country is going to acquire power. Treasure Island has not only been studied by history scholars, but it is also a favorite among English academics. Michael Mendelson, professor of English at Iowa State University, believes that Long John Silver is the perfect character for classroom discussions to begin a deeper, more critical discussion of humanity. In his essay, â€Å"Can Long John Silver Save The Humanties?† he describes the stages of the discussions taking place in his own classroom when studying Treasure Island and believes that the complex nature of Silver and his relationships with his crew, enemies, and Jim Hawkins teach us abstract ideas about people and situations that can help us not only when studying literature, but also within our own lives outside of school. His course is targeted towards undergraduate students who have yet to choose a major or who only desire the required humanities credit towards their non-humanities major. â€Å"Specialized literary theory doesn’t serve this populatio n well, nor does it nourish a desire in students to become life-long readers,† Mendelson points out, â€Å"Alternatively, [] practical judgment is a staple in the daily routine of every student [] or any independent individual with the freedom and resources to make her own decisions.† By looking closer at Long John Silver’s personality and actions, such as his independent nature and willingness to cross his own crewmates, students are forced to question what they know about people and making judgements. While Long John Silver is Mendelson’s jumping off point, there are countless themes, characters, and important moments to look at within Treasure Island that are still studied by scholars of Victorian, children’s, and classic literature. The novel, however, is not only a staple of classrooms meant to be dissected and studied, but is also a timeless story children and adults alike enjoy. For example, for as long as people have been making films, people have been retelling the story of Treasure Island on screen. Richard Dury, a retired scholar whose sole focus is on Robert Louis Stevenson’s work, has compiled archives of all known adaptations of Stevenson’s collection and published them on a non-profit website devoted to educating academics and the public alike on who Robert Louis Stevenson was, what he accomplished, and where you can find and enjoy his art. According to Dury’s list, there are fifty film and television adaptations of Treasure Island, the earliest known of which was made in 1908 and the most recent being Black Sails, a television series that aired 2014-2017 on the premium cable network, Starz. Jon Steinberg, co-creator of the successful series, was interviewed before the premiere of the first season by David Crowe for a pop culture news site, Den of Geek. When asked how long it took this project in his head to form, Steinberg answered that he’d been wanting to explore the reality of the Treasure Island characters and world for a while and after doing research on the time period, historical pirates, and where Treasure Island came from and what it represented, he was able to bring a classic story to life in his own way. He remarked that most people don’t have â€Å"any real idea what this is about if you’re basing it on the movies you’ve seen.† Even with 49 adaptations before Black Sails, the show was able to combine the world of Treasure Island with our own history to tell a unique story that mirrors Robert Louis Stevenson’s anti-Imperialist themes, morally ambiguous gentlemen characters, and a thrilling adventure to captivate any audience and spark our own fantasies- perhaps even inspiring the next great Treasure Islan d adaptation. Left to right: Robert Newton as Long John Silver in 1950, Tim Curry as Long John Silver in 1996, Luke Arnold as Long John Silver in 2017 While Black Sails is the most modern adaptation, there are several others of note. Disney’s first live action film was Treasure Island and premiered in 1950. Robert Newton’s iconic portrayal of Long John Silver went hand-in-hand with the novel itself in promoting pirate stereotypes in the media including the accent we hear when we think of ‘Arr’ing pirates. Treasure Island, the novel, also gave us images like the wooden peg leg, the talking pet parrot, the ‘black spot’, and marking buried treasure with an ‘X’ on a map. We wouldn’t be able to have Captain Hook, Pirates of the Caribbean, and many other popular stories about pirates without the popularity of Treasure Island to give the genre traction in the first place. We see the cultural influence of Treasure Island almost everyday. People can stay the night in a hotel of the same name in Las Vegas, order a fish sandwich from a fast food chain sharing a name with Long John Si lver who has also inspired the title of an album by the band, Jefferson Airplane. We market the story to children by having the Muppets sing songs in a movie, and we even named an entire artificial island in the San Francisco bay after the place where Captain Flint buried his treasure. Robert Louis Stevenson was inspired by a map he drew for his son to write his first novel and the impact it had on Victorian England was only the beginning of the legacy Treasure Island would leave on society. It is quintessential for scholars of history, psychology, and literature, but it remains a story beloved by many and impactful on all- whether they’ve read it or not. Annotated Bibliography Crow, David, and Jon Steinberg. â€Å"Interview with Black Sails Co-Creator Jon Steinberg.† Den of Geek, Den of Geek, 14 Oct. 2013,www.denofgeek.com/us/tv/black-sails/209608/interview-with-black-sails-co-creator-jon-steinberg. Accessed 22 July, 2019. This one on one interview provides insight from a man involved in the creation of the most recent and wildly successful adaptation of Treasure Island, the TV series, Black Sails. David Crow asks Jon Sterinberg about his plans for the show, but what I’m focusing on his motivations in creating the series. Steinberg mentions how, yes, it has been done many times before but never in the tone or style that he and his co-creators wanted to do it. He uses Treasure Island as a jumping off point for telling a story that gives a more complex view to pirates that we’ve lost recently with the cartoonish stereotypes or historical inaccuracies of modern pirate stories. This harkins back to Stevenson’s original purpose of Long John Silver as a character and the popularity of the series proves that audiences continue to respond to that character and that method of story-telling despite the tonal differences of the television prequel series and the novel it’s based off of. This interview is a primary source of someone’s personal motivations and what they took from Treasure Island so I’m choosing to use it as a credible source in my paper and offer variety from some of the other scholarly sources that focus on the novel’s literary or societal impact and look at it’s impact instead on modern-day pop culture.   Deane, Bradley. â€Å"Imperial Boyhood: Piracy and the Play Ethic.† Victorian Studies, vol. 53, no. 4,  Summer 2011, pp. 689–714. EBSCOhost, doi:10.2979/victorianstudies.53.4.689. This essay looks closely at the role children and pirates play in Victorian literature and what they represent within society of the time. Bradley Dean explores the importance of boyhood, what the values and pitfalls of idolizing it are, and how Treasure Island played a role in promoting the idea of perpetual boyishness. I’m using this source to illustrate a large impact that the novel had on the people who read it at the time of publication and how it shaped emerging ideas of a man’s role in an Imperialist society. I am also using it as evidence that Treasure Island also inspired Peter Pan, another classic of children’s literature. Bradley Deane is a scholar of Victorian era literature and the article is published in an academic journal focusing on studying that time period so I find the source to be credible enough for use in my paper. â€Å"Film Versions of Treasure Island.† The Richard Dury Archive, RLS Website.  robert-louis-stevenson.org/richard-dury-archive/films-rls-treasure-island.html. Accessed 22 July, 2019 This archive compiles 50 different titles of Treasure Island film and television adaptations beginning from the earliest in 1908 all the way up to the most recent in 2014. The titles include feature-length films, television shows or episodes, animation, and parodies. With 50 listed titles, this makes it the second most adapted work by Stevenson, following only Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. For over one hundred years, people have been retelling the story of Treasure Island onscreen in new and inventive ways, the most recent being the television series Black Sails which is a prequel with it’s pilot airing in 2014 and finale airing in 2018. The archive is named after Richard Dury, the scholar who compiled the titles of adaptations of every work of Robert Louis Stevenson. He is an English professor dedicated to the works of Stevenson and has since retired to focus on running the non-profit Robert Louis Stevenson website with the purpose of providing the most comprehensive information o n Stevenson’s life and works to academics and the public alike. Mendelson, Michael. â€Å"Can Long John Silver Save the Humanities?† Children’s Literature in Education, vol. 41, no. 4, Dec. 2010, pp. 340–354. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s10583-010-9113-0. Mendelson’s essay proposes the study of Treasure Island as a starting point for a solution towards solving the problem of declining interest in the humanities among undergraduate students. The process for which he uses Long John Silver as an agent for classroom discussion, gives students more familiarity and certainty when discussing more abstract ideas about humanity and encourages them to consider the importance of critical thinking in our own daily lives and in academia. This source demonstrates the timelessness of Stevenson’s novel and how studying the complexities of the characters and themes within it can propel creative classroom discussion. Even though Treasure Island was published and is studied as a children’s novel, Mendelson argues that Silver is as important to studying humanistic knowledge as studying Shakespeare and Jane Austen. I trust his assertions not only because they are published in an academic journal but because he is also an undergraduate professor and shares his own experience using Long John Silver in classroom discussions, even providing real responses from his own students, proving that the provocative thought can come from his methods. Noimann, Chamutal. â€Å"‘He a Cripple and I a Boy’: The Pirate and the Gentleman in Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island.† Topic: The Washington Jefferson College Review, vol.  58, Nov. 2012, pp. 55–71. EBSCOhost. In his essay, â€Å"He a Cripple and I a Boy,† Noimann claims that Stevenson’s Treasure Island redefined what most Victorian era Englishmen believed a gentleman should be. Both Jim Hawkins and Long John Silver challenged traditional ideas of masculinity and emphasize a more contemporary goal for Englishman of a safe home and economic security rather than marriage and duty to one’s nation. Noimann points out that Stevenson is also challenging imperialistic society as a whole, creating Silver as a self-proclaimed â€Å"gentleman o’ fortune† and giving him many domestic skills not associated with masculinity at the time. By challenging these traditional views of gentlemanly traits, the importance of romance, and the unimportance of fatherhood, Stevenson was able to reshape a society’s ideas of what it meant to be a pirate, gentleman, boy, father, and manly man just in time to usher in a new century. This article perfectly illustrates and backs u p the importance of this novel at the time of publication and not just later on as a ‘classic’ work. Originally unpopular among boys because of the protagonist Jim, what made it unappealing to the young audience made it wildly popular among adults who found thrill in adventure and the idea of challenging Imperialist notions of who they were supposed to be and what they were supposed to achieve and giving rise to the ‘Victorian gentleman’ who can look to traits of both Jim and Silver and learn from being part boy and part pirate rather than just a man. This work was originally published by the Washington and Jefferson College Review and Chamutal Noimann is a scholar who focuses on Victorian young adult and children’s literature giving him credible authority on the subject.

ESL Lesson Plan to Teach the Future Tenses Going to and Will

ESL Lesson Plan to Teach the Future Tenses Going to and Will Making the choice to use will or going to is difficult for many ESL students. This lesson focuses on providing context for students so that they can understand the basic difference between something that is planned for the future (use of going to) and a spontaneous decision (use of will). Students first study a short dialog and answer some questions. After this, students give answers to a number of questions which elicit either will or going to. Finally, students get together for some small talk to practice. ESL Lesson Plan Aim: Developing a deeper understanding of the use of the future with will and going toActivity: Dialog reading, follow-up questions, small talkLevel: lower-intermediate to intermediate Outline: Start the lesson by asking some questions with will and going to. Be sure to mix the questions up. For example:​Â  What do you think will happen at school tomorrow?, What are you going to do after school today?, What will you do if you dont understand this lesson?, Where are you going to travel on your next vacation?Ask students to reflect on the questions you asked. Which forms did you use? Can they explain why?Pass out the dialog and ask the students to read through and answer the questions.As a group, correct the questions and ask students to explain why certain questions used will and others going to. A further possibility is to ask students to highlight the sections of the dialog that used will and those that used going to. Ask them to explain why.Have students write out answers to the question sheet. Go around the room to help individual students and check that students are answering using the correct form.As a class, elicit answers from various students. When appropria te, ask students to elaborate on their answers in order to give them a further chance to use these forms. Ask students to use the small talk questions with each other in pairs or in small groups. Optional homework:Â  Ask students to prepare a short paragraph on their future plans for study, hobbies, marriage, etc. (Use of going to). Ask them to write out a few predictions about the future of their lives, the country, the current political party, etc. (future with will) Dialogue Exercise 1: The Party Martha: What horrible weather today. Id love to go out, but I think it will just continue raining.Jane: Oh, I dont know. Perhaps the sun will come out later this afternoon.Martha: I hope youre right. Listen, Im going to have a party this Saturday. Would you like to come?Jane: Oh, Id love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Whos going to come to the party?Martha: Well, a number of people havent told me yet. But, Peter and Mark are going to help out with the cooking!Jane: Hey, Ill help, too!Martha: Would you? That would be great!Jane: Ill make lasagna!Martha: That sounds delicious! I know my Italian cousins are going to be there. Im sure theyll love it.Jane: Italians? Maybe Ill bake a cake...Martha: No, no. Theyre not like that. Theyll love it.Jane: Well, if you say so... Is there going be a theme for the party?Martha: No, I dont think so. Just a chance to get together and have fun.Jane: Im sure itll be lots of fun.Martha: But Im going to hire a clown!Jane: A clown! Youre kidding me. Martha: No, no. As I child, I always wanted a clown. Now, Im going to have a clown at my own party.Jane: Im sure everyone will have a good laugh.Martha: Thats the plan! Follow-Up Questions What do they think about the weather?What does Martha have to share?What are Peter and Mark going to do?What does Jane offer to do?How does Jane react to the news about the Italian cousins?What special plan is there?Why does Martha want a clown?Does Martha know exactly how many people are going to come? If yes, how many. If not, why not?How does Jane think people will react to the clown?Is there a theme for the party? Dialogue Exercise 2: Questions Tell me about your future plans for work or study.What important event do you think will happen soon?Your friend needs some help with some homework. What do you say?Tell me about your plans for this coming summer.Complete this sentence: If I dont understand this exercise ...What do you think future English lessons will be about?

Explain what managing human resources means Essay

Explain what managing human resources means - Essay Example ty of employees ensures that an organization has diverse and has a useful knowledge base to ensure that the company puts a competitive edge to her competitors. Diversity in an organization can be achieved by ensuring that the employees and other staff working within and throughout an organization are a representation of the wider society. Human resource management (HRM) is the unit within an organization that deals with the workforce. It can be said to be the process of managing the workforce of an organization. It provides guidelines on how people are to work. An effective HRM ensure that the workforce is effective and productive for the overall accomplishment of the objective and goals of an organization (Bell, 2011 p. 30). It helps in full utilization of employees through a comprehensive and strategic management of the people as well as the working environment. An organization relies on good HRM to have a strong and effective team of employees. HRM aims at ensuring that the company remains loyal to the employees by making them feel the job there are doing is part of their personal life. Research has shown that HRM is the heartbeat of any organization; over eighty percent of the company success is attributed from the activities and skills of human resources. These activities include how the company attracts employe es, how it trains and develops them and finally how effective is it in retaining the quality workforce. HRM helps the organization create a good environment for employees to work in as well as ensure there is respect and dignity between employer and employees. The main responsibility of HRM in an organization whether small or large corporate bodies is the welfare of the workforce. It must ensure that there is relatively low turnover of employees as this make the company waste a lot of resources ad can even lead to stagnated growth in case of a technical organization. It inspires and motivates employees to reduce turnover. This could be through

Major Research Essay Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Major Essay - Research Paper Example The fear of investors, both local and international, on their properties may make them shift to other countries that are safe for investment. International monetary funds and government interests may cut their support of the countries at war leading to decline of the economic growth. Considering these effects, the China and Japan governments may opt for a diplomatic way of solving their disputes rather than opting for a war. The government of China began to take an interest of the island since the discovery of oil was pronounced. China acknowledges that the island is within their boundary. The argument is the continued fisheries that were practised in the earlier years by their forefathers. Their interest though began in the 1970s had been growing, and a counter attack from the Japanese government in 2010 towards the Chinese fishermen proved the escalation of the disputes. The attack by the Japanese soldiers assured that they were in control of the island and ready to take any form of challenge (Pan). When this kind of attack happens, the Chinese government would likely respond. The response to this matter could be worrying. Chinese fishermen are sometime held in custody over the allegation of trespassing and carrying out the fishing activity in the Japan ese territory. For this reason, the Chinese government might respond with war as a way of revenge or in an attempt to rescue them. Therefore, any kind of respond that does not involve the use of a diplomatic action that will lead to a long lasting solution will cause an outbreak of international war. China has been a silent country in terms of conflict with the neighbouring and far countries. The country have not involved itself with other nation’s internal or international conflicts. The nature of the nation has been taken advantage of the rivals. Their leadership of the country is now evolving and coming up with strategies that will ensure a military activities of the

The Use of Steroids in Sports Should Be Permitted or Legalized Essay Example for Free

The Use of Steroids in Sports Should Be Permitted or Legalized Essay Steroid in sports has been used since 1954 where the soviets won many weight classes which brought about debates about use of testosterone on the team members. The testosterone injections were used to enhance the performance of the athletes that led to wining so many medals. Use of Anabolic steroids was evident and this was different from the use of oral steroids, use of herbs and foods that improve the muscular strength in performance in events (Milton John H. 205-208). In the resent past, professionals especially in the athletic field have had lucrative contracts on use of these substances has been on the increase. Besides increasing performance they have been known to fasten the healing process of injuries and also increase the length of time in which one spends in the career. In the late 1990s their use was a symbol of national pride as athletes won Olympic Gold Medals. Other substances and drugs have been in use in an attempt to enhance performance but the anabolic steroids have been found to be more powerful. For example, with Dianabol many athletes sought to have access to the drug and even have protocols on their use. However, in 1968 the World health Organization (WHO) complained on use of the steroid on their use and dispensation on pharmaceuticals. The Anabolic steroids were banned by the International Olympic Council although many athletes avoided drug tests (Putriam Douglas 250). In the 1990s the use of anabolic steroids had spread into the society and into high school levels that led to an anti-steroid policy being formulated to monitor their use. However the government should legalize it so that there is a level playing field since many athletes are using the drugs (Taylor William N. 370). A legal option should be provided as well as having a moral choice on its use The situation should only be regulated and supervised as this would minimize health risks that may be associated. Despite the fact that they have great effects on the body, it can maximize physical performance and hence one can optimize his earning potential. It should however not be advocated for those under 21 years. Their use should be legalized and regulated and more importantly taxed. In an example of Rafael Palmeiro who was a player of the Baltimore Orioles who suffered serious injuries and used steroids as an alternative to quick recovery and resistance to injury rather than increasing on his performance. In such a case, use of this steroid would be a good option so that he would be helped out of multiple serious injuries that he suffered (Hanson Glen 100, 115). They are none to reduce injury, increase recovery and tissue bonding that increases exertion with blunt force trauma as in footballers. The substances should be looked into to find out on their chemical content and especially to find out those that offer better living for athletes. Perhaps they may be necessary or of help to laborers who carry out heavy jobs such as dock workers who load goods. It’s also too late to ban steroids and a consideration of making performance enhancing drugs should be of concern. Athletes who do not use the steroids risk low performance and risk their job too. Those that use want to be competitive as this is their only measure of worth. Despite the link of steroid use to physical and mental problems, this is only as a result of their abuse and improper use but otherwise doctors would prescribe the same for medical and cosmetic reasons. If legalized, doctors would safely prescribe the drug according to medical history and condition of players. Doctors would also give benefits and risks of their use so that they can make informed choices. Furthermore this would guarantee protection or enhancement from the use of steroids. According to Husak D. , in sports, performance is considered more important than character and so if the steroids can revitalize these careers then it should be legalized (Husak Douglas. 30, 36). The belief that steroids will give a development of power and strength to win has pushed more athletes to their use. It is also believed that they relieve them from heavy workouts by increasing their muscle mass. The same drugs are used for treating anemia, bone degradation, facilitate growth and in other disorders of gonads and gynecological problems. Steroids work so well and the society enjoys and supports sports and the athletes and so, they would not mind so much if they are kept entertained on the screen without considering what is behind the energy presented in their fans (Yesalis E. C. 456-465). A swimmer by the name Rick De Mont was confronted for using ephedrine which is a steroid and a performance enhances in 1972 and this drug is also used to treat Asthma. Coincidentally the swimmer was also found to be asthmatic and this proved his use. Ethically he should not be denied this drug because of his health and medical need since his life is at risk and his living needs not be compromised too. If steroids are legalized then all athletes would be operating from one level rather than others being more competitive than others. Equal opportunity of legal and controlled drugs should be made available.

My Math Teacher, Mrs. Ladd Essay -- Personal Narratives Mathematics Es

My Math Teacher, Mrs. Ladd When thinking back and remembering all of the teachers that I have had in the past, there is one in particular that comes to mind. Her name was Mrs. Ladd. She taught math at the junior high school. Mrs. Ladd was not the most popular, funniest, hardest, easiest, nicest, nor the meanest teacher. I remember her for some other reasons. When I think of Mrs. Ladd, I think about how hard she made me work. But I also think about how she made me challenge myself. Most of all, I remember how she influenced me. To begin with, Mrs. Ladd gave us homework every night. Even if there was a holiday or a weekend, homework was assigned and due the following school day. She would collect it and grade it. If a student had forgotten it at home or in their locker, that meant a homework grade of zero. She was tough. She always told us, "If you do your homework, then you can ask questions. When you ask questions and participate in class, you will learn more." Normal Normal Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd When thinking back and remembering all of the teachers that I have had in the past, there is one in particular that comes to mind. Her name was Mrs. Ladd. She taught math at the junior high school. Mrs. Ladd was not the most popular, funniest, hardest, easiest, nicest, nor the meanest teacher. I remember her for some other reasons. When I think of Mrs. Ladd, I think about how hard she made me work. But I also think about how she made me challenge myself. Most of all, I remember how she influenced me. To begin with, Mrs. Ladd gave us homework every night. Even if there was a holiday or a weekend, homework was assigned and due the following school day. She would collect it and grade it. If a student had forgotten it at home or in their locker, that meant a homework grade of zero. She was tough. She always told us, "If you do your homework, then you can ask questions. When you ask questions and participate in class, you will learn more." Normal Normal Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd When thinking back and remembering all of the... ...tp://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm Normal Normal Heading 1 Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 2 Default Paragraph Font Default Paragraph Font Line Number Line Number Hyperlink Hyperlink LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand 2C:WINDOWSTEMPAutoRecovery save of Document1.asd LeGrand "C:My DocumentsLes Miserables.docà ¿䀃老à ­ Times New Roman Times New Roman Symbol Symbol Debra LeGrand Debra LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand LeGrand Debra LeGrand LeGrand Normal LeGrand Microsoft Word 8.0 Debra LeGrand _PID_GUID _PID_HLINKS {4EF525CA-CC4B-11D5-8CE0-CD426C5AD85F} {4EF525CA-CC4B-11D5-8CE0-CD426C5AD85F} http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.prigsbee.com/Musiacls/shows/lesmis.htm http://www.stageagent.com/cb/info.pl/ti/les_miserables http://www.stageagent.com/cb/info.pl/ti/les_miserables Root Entry 1Table 1Table WordDocument WordDocument SummaryInformation SummaryInformation DocumentSummaryInformation DocumentSummaryInformation CompObj CompObj ObjectPool ObjectPool Microsoft Word Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.8

Impacts of Rupee Appreciation/Depreciation on Import

INTRODUCTION CURRENCY APPRECIATION:- An increase in the value of one currency in terms of another. Currencies appreciate against each other for various reasons, including capital inflows and the state of a country's current account. Typically, a Forex trader trades a currency pair in the hopes of currency appreciation of the base currency against the counter currency. CURRENCY DEPRICIATION:- A decrease in the  value  of a  currency  with respect to other currencies. This means that the depreciated currency is worth fewer units of some other currency.While depreciation means a reduction in value, it can be advantageous as it makes  exports  in the depreciated currency less  expensive. For example, suppose one unit of Currency A is worth one unit of Currency B. If Currency A depreciates such that it becomes worth half of one unite of Currency B, then exports denominated in Currency A are only half as expensive when trading in a Currency B market. SIGNIFICANCE:- * When a c ountry's exports are high, the buyers of these exports need its currency to pay for those exports. When the country's central bank increases interest rates, people will want that currency to deposit in the banks to earn that higher interest rate. * When employment and per capita income in a country increase, the demand for its goods and services increases, along with demand for that country's currency in the local market. * Demand for any country’s currency on the foreign exchange market is determined by demand for that country’s exports of goods and services and by changes in foreign investment in that country.This is because when foreigners buy another country’s exports of goods or services they must pay for these in the currency of the exporting country. * In the same way, Supply of any country’s currency on the foreign exchange market is determined by that country’s imports of goods and services and by its investment in other countries. * Thus when the demand for a currency rises its price goes up and it becomes costlier. *   An increase in exports of a country will lead to an increase in demand for the currency and thus the value rises. *   Rapid domestic growth increases the demand for mports, while slow or no growth with foreign economies can cause a decline in demand for the country's exports. * If prices in both countries remain the same, depreciation will make foreign goods relatively more expensive to you, leading to a fall in imports. It also means that, even if prices remain the same, your goods will be cheaper to foreigners. They will buy more of your goods and exports will rise. As a result, your country's  net exports will increase. * The devaluation of the dollar will have a positive impact on the importers, while it will have adverse effect on the exporters.Importers of goods and services will be getting the goods and services by paying less THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:- Currency depreciation is not at all g ood for economy of a country. Government always keeps an eye on currency fluctuation. More depreciation can cause major loss to a country. All this is related to export and import of a country. If a currency depreciates, it is the exporters who make good profit, where as importers are on the losing side. Depreciation discourages purchases of imported goods stimulating demand for domestically manufactured goods.The governments worldwide monitor appreciation and depreciation by using powerful tools like the base interest rates, which are usually set by the country’s central bank. Many a times this tool is often used to intentionally depreciate the currency rates to encourage exports. However, this can cause major damage to imports. Always a balance has to be maintained between export and import. Within a span of 5 year, the value of INR has significantly increased from around 40 to 54. 24 with respect to dollar. Indian economy is among the fastest growing economies of the world .The appreciation of the rupees against the dollar would be another giant sign towards its economic prosperity and augmentation. However, the economic epidemics like poverty, unemployment etc. , could not be dealt in the short-run. In the past one year, the dollar has dropped by around 15 per cent against Indian rupees. This reveals that positive or negative impact on volume of export or import would be around 15 per cent, which cannot be over looked as the exporters are suffering losses, whereas importer are on gain. However, the impact will remain until there is depreciation of dollar against rupees.If it continues, then a great change can be expected on a long run in international trade arena. Another impact would be the fantasy of dollar has been losing ground day by day. From analyses made it clear that earlier people were, fascinate about dollar due to its value against Indian rupees. However, the scenario has completely changed. Those, who were planning to move to US for job, now might plan to settle in Britain, as British economy is one of the strongest economies in the world REASONS BEHIND INR DEPRECIATION (SINCE AUGUST 2011)Since the transition from fixed exchange rate regime to market determined exchange rate regime in March, 1993, the INR value with respect to the United States Dollar [USD] had decreased manifold (Dua & Ranjan, 2010). The primary reasons that catalyzed the INR fall could be the increased trade between other countries. Post liberalization, the country witnessed an ever-increasing flux in the foreign inflows particularly due to the enticing growth potential of the country. However, this effect could not overpower the gap between import and exports [called the Trade Deficit].The offsetting effect of foreign inflows strengthened till mid-2008 (the rupee was once comfortably trading at 39. 15 INR/USD) when the banking crisis unfolded in the US leading to recession. Though commentators say that emerging economies like India and China wer e the least hit by the recession (in terms of output) (Ghosh & Chandrasekhar, 2009), the crisis took its toll on the INR. With the flight of foreign funds to safer haven currencies and better investment opportunities, the INR had no other choice but to fall. However, the recent round of depreciation of the INR is peculiar in some aspects.Though there was another crisis that hit the world markets, i. e. the Euro zone crisis, there was considerable lag in the effect, with the Euro zone crisis started looming as early as late-2010, the INR’s depreciation is felt only in August 2011. Major reasons behind this depreciation can be listed [in decreasing order of importance] as follows: * Outflow of funds (and/or) Impeded inflow. *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Increasing Current Account Deficit [CAD] *   Ã‚  Recovery of USD and Japanese Yen [JPY] – the long-term safe haven currencies. *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Lack of intervention from RBI FALLING RUPEE AGAINST DOLLAR 011 was the year of great stress fo r Indian Rupee. It has lost greater than 10 % of its value in the year 2011, making it one of the worst performing currencies in Asia. Logic says rupee appreciation shows the Indian economy is strengthening against US economy and depreciation makes the economy weaker. Overseas funds sold more than US$500 million worth of Indian-listed shares over the last 5 years, reducing net income for 2011 to less than US$300 million – a tiny sum compared with record investments of greater than US$29 billion earned last year, on November 21, 2011 alone.According to Federal Bank report, the premium banks pay to borrow dollars overnight from central banks will fall by half a percentage point to 50 basis points. The move was coordinated with the monetary authorities in Canada, the U. K, Japan and Switzerland and the Central Bank of Europe. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND RESERVE BANK OF INDIA The exchange rate is a significant tool used to examine the efficiency of economy. The exchange rate of the Indian rupee is dependent upon the market conditions, where the demand and supply play a major role.In order to adopt the effective exchange rates the RBI makes buy and sell transactions to keep the low variability and volatility in exchange rates. RBI also removes the excess liquidity from the economy by increasing the CRR and SLR. The Government of India also managed floating exchange rate mechanism. This means that the Indian government interferes only when the circumstances demand and/or if the exchange rate gets out of control by increasing or reducing the money supply. Hedging: Using forwards and futures contracts help in mitigating the risks arise due to exchange rate fluctuations.This process is known as Hedging, but none-the-less the impact is substantial. Reduce Trade Deficit: The main factors for the depreciation of rupee are slowdown in capital flows, high trade and current account deficit and high crude oil prices. To stop fluctuations in rupee it is necessary to reduce these deficits. RBI Control Policy: When rupee depreciates, it results in a price hike in the petroleum products and fertilizers. This increases the inflation. This becomes a challenging period for RBI. If they increase the key rates, it will affect our growth rate and there will be stock market crash.If it is not, inflation will kill the normal public. As per analysts, say the rupee depreciation is considered as a short-term scenario. The Indian market will be a good destination for FIIs in years to come. Huge investment is expected in the coming years. Gradually the rupee will gain its value. Investors need not worry about the rupee depreciation. Since March 2010, Reserve Bank of India [RBI] hiked the interest rates 13 times and thus compromising on growth. RBI’s interest rates hikes seemed futile since the inflation was due to supply falling short rather than the demand rising.Both inflation and RBI’s action reduced the color of the vibrant economy once Indi a displayed in 2007-2008. According to intelligence reports by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, sectors of India Exports are as follows- Sector of Import| Share in Total Imports| Petroleum| 77| Heavy Engineering Goods| 22| Pharmaceuticals| 19| The sectors of Import gain if the rupee appreciates. They would have to pay less for the imported raw materials, which would increase their profit margins. Likewise, depreciation in rupee value makes exports cheaper and imports expensive.Exports from India are of handicrafts, gems, jewelry, textiles, ready-made garments, industrial machinery, leather products, chemicals and related products. Since the 1990s, India is the world’s largest processor of diamonds. The mentioned export items contribute substantially to foreign receipts. During the periods when the dollar was moving high against the rupee, exporters stood to gain, when $1 = Rs. 48, was getting them Rs. 4800 for every $100. Since the beginning of the y ear 2007, rupee appreciated by about 10%.With its value of rupee Rs. 39. 35 = $1 as on 16 Nov 2007, for every $100, exporters would get only Rs. 3935. This difference is towing away the profit margins of exporters and BPO service providers alike. Imports to India are of petroleum products, capital goods, chemicals, dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals, iron and steel, uncut precious stones, fertilizers, pulp paper etc. With the same scenario as given for export, if we analyze – an importer is paying Rs. 3935 now instead of Rs. 4800 paid during yester years for every $100.This gain on FX is likely to create savings in cost, which could be passed on to consumers, thereby contributing to control inflation Exhibit showing the quarterly values of Foreign Investment Flows in India Source:  Public Debt Management Quarterly Report (July-September 2011), Ministry of Finance, November 2011 CONCLUSION:- Conclusively, appreciation and depreciation of rupee cannot certainly be taken as benef icial to the Indian economy in general. On one hand, the rupee appreciation will affect exporters, BPOs, etc. , on the other, rupee depreciation will affect importers.So now, it depends on what the future has to reveal for, how effectively the central bank can balance the FX rates with little impact to the relative areas of FX usage. Though RBI is trying its level best in controlling inflation, due to the inherent supply-driven nature of the inflation, monetary controls remain as futile attempts. Systemic inefficiencies, like improper supply chains, must be immediately addressed by the Government to stall inflation. RBI has already done the damage by ruthlessly increasing the base rates and thus compromising the growth and discouraging investments.In order to control currency depreciation, any central bank is expected to hike the interest rates. Since the prevailing interest rates have already reached a high, RBI is helpless in managing the exchange rates through interest rate hike. Another option left with RBI is to use its foreign exchange reserves to sell dollars in the currency market to improve the value of INR. Though RBI’s argument of non-intervention is justified (Gokarn, 2011), it must strike the right balance between intervention and controlled-intervention.Generally, foreign exchange reserves deplete because of daily operations of central banks in the wake of domestic currency depreciation. Considering all the above factors, is the way ahead gloomy for the Indian rupee? Well, nothing can be told so surely in this uncertain environment. The market sentiments truly drove the INR to the edge. The INR may correct itself and settle in a lower value than that is prevailing currently as the market sentiments fade out. On the other hand, tight monetary control by the RBI, which led to high interest rates, widened the interest rate differential thus inviting inflows.Overselling of rupee than that is necessary might have caused the slide in the value o f INR. If the rupee starts rebounding, it would definitely start yielding high results due to the low base effect. Therefore, if the rupee is actually oversold, investors who are confident about the resilient Indian economy might put their money on the rupee since no other asset would give such high returns in this current scenario. However, there are conditions attached to the argument – rupee must bounce back and foreign inflows must find their way back into the Indian economy.

Lwc1 Flashdb

What is the definition of a contract? An agreement between two or more parties for the doing or not doing of something specified. Describe the various types of contracts. 1) Bilateral and Unilateral 2) Express and Implied 3) Executory and Executed What elements does a contract need to be enforceable? 1) Agreement 2) Legality 3) Consideration 4) Capacity What elements would constitute a discharge of a contract? 1) Material breach 2) Minor breach 3) Anticipatory breach 4) Mutual Rescission 5) Accord/Satisfaction What is a bilateral contract? Both parties make a promise. What is a unilateral contract?One party make a promise that the other party can accept only by doing something. ex. I'll give you $10 to mow my lawn. If not mowed no $10. What is an express contract? Two parties state all important terms of their agreement. ex. Where, when, how much, oral or written. What is an implied contract? Words and conduct of the parties indicate that they intended an agreement. What is an execut ory contract? When one or more parties have not fulfilled its obligations. What is an executed contract? When all parties have fulfilled their obligations? If there is a breech of contact, what remedies are available?Injuction – An order forcing someone to do something or refrain from doing something. Expectation Damages / Restitution – $ required to put on party in the position she would have been had the other side performed the contract. Specific Performance – In cases of rare property court ordered to complete the deal. Reformation – Court will rewrite contract. Describe types of acceptable performace of a contract. Strict Performance Substantial Performance What are the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts? Sherman Act of 1890 – first national law to regulate competition.Clayton Act of 1914 clarified the Sherman Act. What are the key provisions of the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts? *Prohibits all agreements that will â€Å"restrain tradeâ €  (Sherman) *Bans â€Å"monopolies† (Sherman) *Prohibits anticompetitive mergers (Clayton) *Tying arrangements (Clayton) *Exclusive dealings (Clayton) *Bans price discrimination – illegal to charge different prices to different purchasers. (Robinson-Pattman Act 1936 an amendment to Clayton -) Describe the variety of aggressive business actions that are illegal and violations of antitrust regulations.Monopolization -possessing a monopoly is not illegal; using bad acts to acquire or maintain one is. Predatory Pricing – lowering prices below cost to drive competitors out. Tying Arrangements – selling products on the condition the buyer purchases a different (or tied) product. Contolling distributors or retailers (Retail price maintenance) How is consumer credit regulated? Through the Truth in Lending Act What government regulations apply to consumer product safety? *Federal food, drug, cosmetic act *Food quality protection act What is the role of the Env ironmental Protection Agency?Monitor and protect the air, water and land polution. . . What requirements were specified by the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914? Unfair or deceptive acts or practices. What is the point at which a legal agreement is said to have occured? intend to contract List the types of breech of contracts. Material Breach Minor Breach Anticipatory Breach Mutual Rescission Accord/Satisfaction What is an express warranty? Seller creates with words or actions that goods meet certain standards. Created three ways: Affirmation of a fact or promise, Description of the goods, or sample or model. What is an implied warranty?Created by UCC code itself, not by an act or statement of the seller. What is a disclaimer? A statement that a particular warranty does not apply. What are the limitations on remedies for breach of warranty and product liability? Limitation of Remedy Clause – Parties may limit or exclude normal remedies permitted. What is negligence? Seller 's conduct unreasonable. Violation of a standard of care set by statute. How does negligence apply to a manufacturer? Negligent Design Negligent Manufacturing Failure to Warn What are the types of warranties? Implied, Express, Implied Warranty of Fitness, Warranty of Merchantiability.What is strict liability? A tort doctrine holding to a very high standard all those who engage in ultrahazardous activities. (ie explosives) OR who manufacture certain products. What are the defenses available to an action for negligence? Contributory Negligence – If the plantiff is even slightly negligent she recovers nothing. Comparative Negligence – Plantiff may generally recover even if she was partially responsible. What are the defenses available or an action for strict liability? None – a defendant engaging in an ultrahazardous activity is virtually always liable for any harm that results.List the remedies available. Compensatory Damages – flow directly from contract. Consequential Damages – result from the unique circumstances of the particular injured party. (Recoverable only if breaching party should have foreseen them). Incidental Damages – Minor costs an injured party incurs responding to a breach. What are the basic provisions of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act? *Created a public company accounting oversight board *Revising auditor independence rules *Revising corporate governance standards *Increasing criminal penalties for violations What are the rights of the shareholders? Right to information – including minute book, accounting records, and shareholder lists. *Right to vote *Right to Dissent *Right to protection from other shareholders. What recourse do sharholders have against corporations if shareholder rights are violated? Derivative Lawsuits – Shareholders sue corporation, but damages go to corporation. *Direct lawsuits *Class Action What are the key provisions of the Securities Act of 1933? Before offeri ng or selling securities, the issuer must register the securities with the SEC, unless the securities qualify for an exemption. What are the disclosure requirements of the Securities Act of 1933?Initial detailed information statement when the company first registers. How did Sarbanes – Oxley change the disclosure requirements of the Securities Act of 1933? Added to the 1934 Securities Act by requiring CEO and CFO to certify that: *The information in the quarterly and annual reports are true. *The company has effective internal controls. *The officers have informed the company's audit committee and it auditors of any concerns that they have about the internal control system. What year did the Sarbanes – Oxley Act pass? 2002 How would you define business ethics? The study of how people ought to act.What is involved in developing an ethical culture in an organization? Managers setting the example and training. What year was the Clean Air Act passed? 1963 What year was the Clean Water Act passed? 1977 What are the alternative dispute resolution techniques? *Arbitration – 3rd neutral party hears both sides and makes a binding decision, possible award, no discovery, no class action, no pulic info of outcome. *Mediation – Neutral party coaxed two disputing parties toward volunatry settlement. No decision made by mediator. *Negotiation – List the types of courts. State Courts = Trial CourtsFederal Courts = Trial Courts and Specialty courts (bankruptcy, tax, etc) Appelate Courts = Describe the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. Also known as Wagner Act. 1) Created NLR Board to enforce labor laws. 2) Prohibits employers from penalizing workers who engage in union activity. 3) Requires employers to bargain â€Å"in good faith† with unions. Descirbe what COBRA is, and when was it passed? Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act passed in 1985. Statute provides that former employees be allowed to continue health insurance for 18 months after leaving their job.Describe what the Fair Labor Standards Act is and when it passed? Regulates wages and limits child labor. Passed in 1938. 1. 5 time paid for overtime. Children under 14 may only work in agricultural and entertainment. 14-15 limited hours after school. 16-17 unlimited hours in non-hazardous. Descirbe what constitutes wrongful discharge under the law. Wrongful discharge prohibits an employer from firing a worker for a bad reason. They fall into three categories. 1) public policy – prohibits employer from firing someone for a reason that violates basic social rights, duties, and responsibilities. ) contract law-written or oral promises made during the hiring process can be enforceable. Employee handbook creates a contract. 3) tort law – defamation; giving a false or unfavorable reference about a former employee, or â€Å"Intentional Infliction of Emotion Distress – employers who condone cruel treatment of their employees face liability under tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress. Explain the responsibilities of OSHA. Holds employers to a workplace â€Å"free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious injury to employees.Inspects workplaces to insure that they are safe. Describe the main points of the Americans with Disabilites Act of 1990. The ADA prohibits employers from discriminating on the basis of disability as long as she can, with reasonable accomodation, perform the essential functions of the job. An accomodation is not reasonable if it would create undue hardship on the employer. What is liquidated damages clause? A provision in the contract that declares in advance what one party will receive if the other side breaches. What is necessary to prove negligence? Duty of Due Care Breach (defendant breached duty)Factual Cause Forseeable Harm Injury What does the Family and Medical Leave Act guarantee? Both men and women up to 12 weeks unpaid leave eac h year for childbirth, adoption, or medical emergencies for themselves or a family member. When was Social Security instituted and what does it do? Passed during the Great Depression in 1935. Benefits to workers who are retired, disabled, or temporarilly unemployed and to spouses and children of disabled or deceased workers. What is the FUTA? Federal Unemployment Tax Act and is part of the Social Security system. What is the Equal Pay Act and when was it instituted?An employee may not be paid at a lesser rate than an employee of the opposite sex for equal work. Passed in 1963. What is Title VII and what does it prohibit? Passed in 1964. It prohibits employers from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. More specifically, 1) discrimination in the workplace 2) sexual harassment 3) discrimination because of pregnancy. What does sexual harassment entail? unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature with two major categories. 1) Quid pro quo (this for that) 2) Hostile work environmentWhat is the EEOC? Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is a federal agency to oversee Title VII cases. They may sue or issue a â€Å"Right to Sue† letter. They also oversee age discrimination cases. What are the remedies to Title VII violations? Hiring, reinstatement, retroactive seniority, back pay, reasonable attorney's fees and damages up to $300,000. What does the Age Discrimination Act prohibit? When was it passed? Prohibits ago discrimination against employees or job applicants who are 40 years or older. Cannot fire, refuse to hire, fail to promote or force to employee to retire. Passed in 1967.What is the Norris-LaGuardia Act? declared that federal courts could not issue an injuction for non-violent labor disputes. What rights does Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) guarantee? the right to organize and join unions, bargain collectively through rep resentatives of their own choosing, and egage in other concerted efforts. What does Section 8 of the NLRA guarantee against? Unfair Labor Practices – the employer cannot: *interfere with union organizing efforts. *dominate or interfere with any union. *discriminate against any union member. *refuse to bargain collectively with any union.What are the two main functions of the NLRA Board appointed by the President? *Representation – the board decided whether a particular union is entitled to represent a group of employees. *Unfair Labor Practices – adjudicates claim by either the employer or workers the the other side has committed a ULP. What is the Taft-Hartley Act? Also called the Labor Management Relations Act. A statue that ammended section 8 of the NLRA to outlaw certain ULP by unions. *interfer with employees who are exercising their right under 7. * to encourage an employer to discriminate against a particular employee because of a union dispute. refuse to bargain collectively. * to engage in an illegal strike or boycott, especially secondary boycotts. (secondary boycott is picketting innocent companies to coherce them to stop doing business with an employer) What is the Landrum-Griffin Act? Also called the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) requires union leadership to make certain financial disclosures and guarantees free speech and fair elections within a union. What does Section 9 of the NLRA offer? Exclusivity – a valid recognized union is the EXCLUSIVE representative of the employees. What steps are needed to organize a union?Campaign – rally employees to form a union. Authorization Cards – signed card by employee giving union exclusity. Recognition – union asks employer to recognize it as the bargaining unit. Petition – union petitions NLRB for an election if 30% of workers are unified. Election – NLRB supervises election. What is a CBA? Collective Bargaining Agreeme nt. What is UPA Uniform Partnership Act passed 1914. At what point is a partnership formed? The association of two or more person to carry on as co-owners a business for profit forms a partnership, whether or not the persons intend to form a partnership.What factors create â€Å"co-owners of a business for profit†? *Must share profits *Share in management of business *(optional) Share in losses *(optional) referring to yourselves as partners *Charitable business are not partnerships When does Partnership by Estoppel apply? *they allow others to call them partners * a third party relies on assertion * a third party suffers harm What agency does a â€Å"partner† in a partnership hold? *Actual authority – authorized acts * Implied authority – act resonably necessary *Apparent authority – unauthorized acts Which partner is responsible for paying the debt of the partnership?ALL – all partners are PERSONALLY liable for all debts of the partnership . (Yes, that means the house is at risk. ) What is the liability of an incoming partner? A partner is personally liable only for obligations the partnership incurred while he was a partner. His liability for debts incurred before he became a partner is limited to his investment in the partnership. What are the two categories antitrust is divided into? per se – violations are automatic (no on was hurt is not a defense criminal and civil damages) rule of reason – only if anticompetitive impactName the three types of potentially illegal cooperative business strategies. Horizontal Agreements among competitors. (Levis and Wranglers) Vertical Agreements between participates of different stages of production (Levis and Macys) Mergers and Joint Ventures among competitors. What is market division? An effort by a group of competitors to divide it market is a per se violation of the Sherman Act. What is the FTC? Federal Trade Commission created in 1915. What options does the FTC have to enforce the law? Voluntary Compliance Administrative Hearing and Appeals PenaltiesWhat sales practices does the FTC oversee? Bait & Switch Mail/Phone Order Merchandise Telemarketing Unordered Merchandise Door to Door Sales Consumer Credit What is the â€Å"Truth in Lending Act†? Requires lenders to disclose the terms of the loan in an understandable and complete manner. Truth in Lending Act (TILA) applies only if . . . *It is a consumer loan *The loan has a finance charge or will be paid in more than four installments. *The loan is for less than $25,000, or to secure a mortgage on real estate *The loan is made by someone in the business of offering credit What is the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act?The act requires any supplier that offers a written warranty on a consumer product that cost more than $15 to disclose the terms of the warranty in simple, understandable language before the sale. What does the Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 protect? Created to prevent inju ries from consumer products. Instituted the Consumer Product Safety Commission to evaluate consumer products and develop safety standards. The FTC deems a practice unfair if it meets three tests. What are these tests? 1) It causes substantial consumer injury. 2) The harm of the injury outweights any countervailing benefit. ) The consumer could not reasonably avoid the injury. What is the EPA? What is the EPA's primary function? Evironmental Protection Agency. Created in 1970. When Congress passes a new environmental law, the EPA issues regulations to implement it. What is the Clean Air Act? When was it passed? The Clean Air Act of 1970 has four provisions: 1) Primary Standards (National Ambient Air Quality Standards, NAAQS) – pollution that harms public health. 2) Secondary Standards – pollution that may not threaten health BUT has unpleasant effects, low visibility, harmful to plants or other materials. ) State Implimentation Plans (SIPs) States offered plans for brin ging areas into compliance within a reasonable amount of time. 4) Citizen Suits – citizens can file against a polluter or the EPA for failing to enforce statute. What is the Clean Water Act? When was it passed? Passed in 1972 with two goals: 1) to make all navigable water suitable for swimming and fishing by 1983 2) to eliminate the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters by 1985. What does the Safe Drinking Water Act require? When was it passed? Passed 1974. Requires: 1) EPA to set national standards ) enforcement left to states with provisions for EPA to enforce if needed. 3) Prohibits use of lead in any water pipes. 4) Requires community water systems to send annual water report to every customer. What two statutes regulate waste? The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) – regulates the production and disposal of solid waste. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) – focuses on cleaning up existing hazardous waste sites. What does EPA oversee? Air Water Waste Chemicals – shared with other agencies (FDA, OSHA, and NRC)Natural Resources What act was passed to regulate the air? Clean Air Act What acts were passed to regulate water? *Clean Water Act *Safe Drinking Water Act *Ocean Dumping Act *Oil Pollution Act What acts were passed to regulate chemicals? *Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act *Federal Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act *Food Quality Protection Act *Toxic Substances Control Act What acts were passed to regulate natural resources? *National Environmental Policy Act *Endangered Species Act What are common types of antitrust violations? Cooperative Strategies Aggressive Strategies Define ethics. The study and philosophy of human conduct, with an emphasis on determining right and wrong. *Moral philosophy *The principles, values, and standards that guide behavior in the world of business. What are the changes made to the 1933 Securities Act in 1934 ? *still must file initial info statement (like 1933) *Annual reports with audited financials, analysis of company's performance, info about officers and directors. *Unaudited quarterly reports *Report any significant developments, bankruptcy, change in control, purchase or sale of significant assets, resignation of a director as a result of policy dispute, change in auditing firms.

Howard Shultz essays

Howard Shultz essays Howard Schultz, founder of Starbucks, was born in 1952 and raised in a Brooklyn, NY housing-project. At the age of twenty, he was unsure about what he wanted to do with the rest of his life. Growing up in a fairly poor family, Schultz knew that he wanted to make a better life for himself; he did not want to be burdened with financial problems. Schultz had a very unique entrepreneurial drive to try to improve himself and his standing in life, because he did not want to be part of that class of people who did not have access to the American dream. It took Schultz a year to convince the Starbucks owners to hire him. When they finally made him director of marketing and operations in 1982, he had another epiphany. He introduced the idea of not only serving coffee, but also transforming Starbucks into a coffee bar- a meeting place with a comfortable environment to enjoy coffee. But in Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultzs plans to serve coffee in their stores, saying they didnt want to get into the restaurant business. Frustrated, Schultz quit and started his own coffee-bar business, called II Giornale. It was so successful, that a year later Schultz bought Starbucks for $3.8 million. The company began with eleven Seattle stores and fewer than one hundred employees. Schultz has since led Starbucks to become a half billion-dollar company. Schultzs mission for Starbucks is to establish the company as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow.(Mission Statement) Howard Schultz manages his company based on the following guiding principles: 1) Provide a great work environment, 2) Embrace diversity, 3) Highest standards of excellence to the purchasing, roasting, and fresh delivery of our coffee, 4) Develop satisfied customers, 5) Contribute positively to our communities and our environment, and 6) Recognize that profita...

A Lesson Before Dying English Literature Essay

He couldnt aˆâ€ ¹rememberaˆâ€ ¹ aaˆâ€ ¹ thing he had done all twenty-four hours. The Writer does n’t stating us straight whether Jefferson is guilty or guiltless. Alternatively, he provides the prosecuting officer ‘s and the defence lawyer ‘s versions of the narrative. This creates uncertainties about Jefferson ‘s artlessness. This pick makes it easier to see the subject that we seldom know without uncertainty whether person is guiltless or guilty, but alternatively must trust on evideaˆâ€ ¹nce. Subject Gaines page 5 â€Å" Old aˆâ€ ¹Grope got aˆâ€ ¹the bottle out ofaˆâ€ ¹ the shaˆâ€ ¹elf, but aˆâ€ ¹he did non saˆâ€ ¹et it on the counter. He could see the boaˆâ€ ¹yaˆâ€ ¹s had been drinkiaˆâ€ ¹ng. † â€Å" Bear had baˆâ€ ¹een drinkaˆâ€ ¹ing, aaˆâ€ ¹nd his eyes were calendered, he walkaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹ed falteringly, grinniaˆâ€ ¹ng all taˆâ€ ¹he taˆâ€ ¹ime as he continued around the aˆâ€ ¹counter. â€Å" Go back, † aˆâ€ ¹ Grope told hiaˆâ€ ¹m. † Anaˆâ€ ¹d â€Å" He did n’t cognize what to make. He waaˆâ€ ¹s standing by the spirits aˆâ€ ¹shelf, and saˆâ€ ¹uddaˆâ€ ¹enly realiaˆâ€ ¹zed he needaˆâ€ ¹ed aˆâ€ ¹a drink and neaˆâ€ ¹eded it badaˆâ€ ¹ly. † Jefferson ‘s friends were drunk. It affected their consciousness to their state of affairs which would hold been easy to forestall. Alcohol is clearly has an impact on the black community. Jefferson is unable to construct a solid defence because he was intoxicated and can non retrieve the twenty-four hours of the slaying. Grant is unable to halt contending Griffin because he is intoxicated, and he evades holding a serious conversation with Vivian by imbibing. Alcohol is a subject, most of the imbibing is done to get away world. Subject Page 5 â€Å" A caˆâ€ ¹ornered aˆâ€ ¹animal aˆâ€ ¹likesaˆâ€ ¹ to strikeaˆâ€ ¹ rapidly outaˆâ€ ¹ of fright, a traitaˆâ€ ¹ inheraˆâ€ ¹ited fromaˆâ€ ¹ his ascendants in aˆâ€ ¹the deepest jungle of blackesaˆâ€ ¹t Aaˆâ€ ¹frica-yes, yes, that he can do- but to planaˆâ€ ¹ ? aˆâ€ ¹ To Plan, genaˆâ€ ¹tlemen of theaˆâ€ ¹ jury? aˆâ€ ¹No, aˆâ€ ¹gentlemen, this skull holaˆâ€ ¹ds no aˆâ€ ¹plans. Whaaˆâ€ ¹t you see here is a thingaˆâ€ ¹ that acts aˆâ€ ¹oaˆâ€ ¹n commaˆâ€ ¹and. † Jefferson defense mechanism lawyer provinces that Jefferson could non hold murdered Alcee Grope , because he is excessively stupid. The comparing of a human to an animate being here is agencies by which white people dehumanise black people. Racism is a large subject in the novel it affects how the characters act and how they are treated. This subject affects the whole narrative. Subject Jefferson ‘s defence lawyer, 8 â€Å" I ‘m aˆâ€ ¹the instructor, aˆâ€ ¹ † I said. â€Å" And I taˆâ€ ¹eaaˆâ€ ¹ch what thaˆâ€ ¹e white folks aaˆâ€ ¹round heraˆâ€ ¹e state me to teach-reading, writinaˆâ€ ¹g, aˆâ€ ¹and ‘rithmetic. They ne’er told me hoaˆâ€ ¹w toaˆâ€ ¹ maintain a blacaˆâ€ ¹k male child out of aˆâ€ ¹a liquoraˆâ€ ¹ saˆâ€ ¹tore. † Grant is speaking to his aunt and is being loath to her petition of learning Jefferson. This transition reveals why Grant is hesitating to learn Jefferson. Even though Grant has a high degree of academic accomplishment, he feels unsuitable because his is ain instruction has been based on get the hanging the instructions of white America. Grant knows that he would be assisting to distribute its instructions. Word picture Grant, 13 â€Å" Theaˆâ€ ¹re waˆâ€ ¹as ever intelligence comiaˆâ€ ¹ng back to aˆâ€ ¹theaˆâ€ ¹ quarteaˆâ€ ¹r abouaˆâ€ ¹t person aˆâ€ ¹who haˆâ€ ¹aaˆâ€ ¹d been killeaˆâ€ ¹d or sent aˆâ€ ¹to prison for killing somaˆâ€ ¹eone else: Snowbaˆâ€ ¹all, stabbed to decease at a cabaret in Portaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹Allen ; Claudee, killed by a adult female in New Orlaˆâ€ ¹eans ; Smitty, sent to the saˆâ€ ¹tate peaˆâ€ ¹nitentiary at Angolaˆâ€ ¹a for manslaughaˆâ€ ¹ter. And there weraˆâ€ ¹e others who didaˆâ€ ¹ non travel anyaˆâ€ ¹where but merely dieaˆâ€ ¹d sloaˆâ€ ¹wer. † Sing his pupils chop wood reminded him of himself and former schoolmates. He reflects on the destinies of his schoolmates, who all died immature age. He is remembers his former instructor Matthew Antoine ‘s stating most of his pupils would decease immature despite his best attempts. Grant ‘s schoolmates that stayed in in deep South are unable to populate life to its fuaˆâ€ ¹llest because of legal and economic barriers embedded in racism. This point to a powerful combination of poorness and racial subjugation that African Americans faced in the 40 ‘s Puting Grant, 62 â€Å" I can’aˆâ€ ¹taˆâ€ ¹ state you anything about liaˆâ€ ¹fe, † he aˆâ€ ¹said â€Å" Whaaˆâ€ ¹t do I know about lifeaˆâ€ ¹ ? I stayed here. Yoaˆâ€ ¹u haveaˆâ€ ¹ to travel off to cognize about life. aˆâ€ ¹ There ‘s aˆâ€ ¹no life here. Thaˆâ€ ¹ere’saˆâ€ ¹ nil but ignoaˆâ€ ¹rance here.aˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹You want aˆâ€ ¹to know about life? Well, aˆâ€ ¹it ‘s tooaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹late. Forgaˆâ€ ¹et itaˆâ€ ¹ . Just gaˆâ€ ¹o on and beaˆâ€ ¹ the niggaˆâ€ ¹er you were born to be, aˆâ€ ¹but forget about aˆâ€ ¹life. † aˆâ€ ¹ Grant is speaking to his former instructor. There are similarities between his statement that â€Å" theraˆâ€ ¹e ‘s no liaˆâ€ ¹fe † in Baaˆâ€ ¹yonne and Grant ‘s observation on how his schoolmates are deceasing easy by populating hapless. Both believe that the chance to populate life to its fullest is an of import constituent of human self-respect. This explains why Grant is loath to learn Jefferson ; he believes that self-respect is unachievable without chance since Jefferson is on decease row. Word picture Matthew Antoine 65 â€Å" Anythingaˆâ€ ¹ Iaˆâ€ ¹ ought to taˆâ€ ¹ake toaˆâ€ ¹ him? † Graaˆâ€ ¹nt, â€Å" Food, I suppose. aˆâ€ ¹Maaˆâ€ ¹ybeaˆâ€ ¹ someaˆâ€ ¹ clean apparels. aˆâ€ ¹ I caaˆâ€ ¹ n’t thaˆâ€ ¹ink of anything else. † â€Å" I was believing more aboaˆâ€ ¹ut the bible, † Revaˆâ€ ¹erend Aaˆâ€ ¹mbrose Reverend Ambrose asks Grant what he should convey when sing Jefferson. Grant ‘s conversation shows Grant ‘s beliefs about self-respect. He suggests comfortss ; clean apparels and nutrient. While the Reverend believes that Bible are more of import to assisting the doomed inmate. It is non until the terminal that he is able to admit the importance of faith. Conflict Grant, 101 I rubbaˆâ€ ¹ed my aˆâ€ ¹fistaˆâ€ ¹ withaˆâ€ ¹ my left manus, and aˆâ€ ¹graduaˆâ€ ¹ally begaˆâ€ ¹an aˆâ€ ¹to relax. aˆâ€ ¹ â€Å" That laˆâ€ ¹ady yaˆâ€ ¹ou radius of, aˆâ€ ¹boy caaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹res a batch aˆâ€ ¹about you, † I said toaˆâ€ ¹ him. aˆâ€ ¹ â€Å" She ‘s waitingaˆâ€ ¹ at that scaˆâ€ ¹hool right nowaˆâ€ ¹ foaˆâ€ ¹r me to convey aˆâ€ ¹her intelligence abouaˆâ€ ¹t a turn you. That ‘s aaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹lady yoaˆâ€ ¹u radius of, boy. That ‘s a lady. Becaˆâ€ ¹ause it ‘s she who keaˆâ€ ¹eps me coming aˆâ€ ¹here. Not aˆâ€ ¹your nannan, non aˆâ€ ¹my aˆâ€ ¹ant. Vivian. If I didn’taˆâ€ ¹ have Viviaaˆâ€ ¹n, I wouldn’taˆâ€ ¹ be inaˆâ€ ¹ this aˆâ€ ¹damn holeaˆâ€ ¹ . † After Jefferson insults Grant ‘s girlfriend Vivian, Grant tells Jefferson that he continues to see the Jefferson in prison non because he feels obliged to his aunt or Miss Emma, but because Vivian encouraged him to. Love has great influence. Vivian ‘s love transforms Grant with simple suggestion. Allow became more dedicated to his occupation and held a Christmas pageant for the kids, something he usually would n’t make. Jefferson easy opened up to Grand because he showed Jefferson kindness and love. Power of love to transform people is a subject in this book. Subject Grant 130 He jusaˆâ€ ¹t sat aˆâ€ ¹there aˆâ€ ¹looking at me. ‘aˆâ€ ¹Go on and shriek, Jefferson. aˆâ€ ¹Go oaˆâ€ ¹n and aˆâ€ ¹scream foraˆâ€ ¹ Guidry, aˆâ€ ¹if that’saˆâ€ ¹ what aˆâ€ ¹you want. ‘ Weaˆâ€ ¹ looaˆâ€ ¹ked at each other, and I could see iaˆâ€ ¹n those large reddened aˆâ€ ¹eyes thaaˆâ€ ¹t he was non traveling to shout. He was full of aaˆâ€ ¹nger – and who coulaˆâ€ ¹d fault him? – But he aˆâ€ ¹was no sap. He needed me, and aˆâ€ ¹he waaˆâ€ ¹nted meaˆâ€ ¹ hereaˆâ€ ¹ , if merely to aˆâ€ ¹insult me. † Jefferson feels self-pity, and he wants everyone else to experience his commiseration. As Grant is seeking to hold a meaningful conversation, Jefferson is n’t being concerted. Having ne’er experience much kindness in his life, he finds it difficult to swear Grant and abuses Grant to maintain distance. Jefferson threatens to shout but Grant knew he was n’t traveling. In the terminal, he decides that he wants Allow around to aim his hatred and choler towards. Word picture Page 130 â€Å" Easteaˆâ€ ¹r was when they nailed Him to taˆâ€ ¹he crosaˆâ€ ¹s. And He nevaˆâ€ ¹er said a mumblingaˆâ€ ¹ word. † Grant and Jefferson are speaking about Christmas, and Jefferson refers to Christ. The transition sets up the word picture of Jefferson as a Christ figure. Like Jesus, Jefferson ‘s religious purification concludes in his executing. Death is portion of the immature Jefferson ‘s development into a symbol of innoceaˆâ€ ¹nce and moral pureness. Symbol Jefferson, 139 â€Å" Hoaˆâ€ ¹w do people come up with aaˆâ€ ¹ day of the month aaˆâ€ ¹nd clip aˆâ€ ¹to take lifeaˆâ€ ¹ from anotheaˆâ€ ¹r adult male? Who madaˆâ€ ¹e them Godaˆâ€ ¹ ? † â€Å" Tweaˆâ€ ¹lve white work forces aˆâ€ ¹say a black adult male a must dieaˆâ€ ¹ , and anotheraˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹white maˆâ€ ¹anaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹sets taˆâ€ ¹he dateaˆâ€ ¹ and clip witaˆâ€ ¹hout confer withing one blaˆâ€ ¹ack individual. aˆâ€ ¹ Jusaˆâ€ ¹tice? † Grant ‘s relationship with Jefferson has changed his attitude toward capaˆâ€ ¹ital penalty. In the beginning of the narrative Grand was uninterested when watching Jefferson ‘s test. But now, nevertheless, he is disturbed when hearing that a day of the month has been set for Jefferson ‘s decease, believing that no 1 has the right to kill another. He finds it upsetting that white people can make up one’s mind the destiny of black people. Fictional character Grant, 157 â€Å" It wasaˆâ€ ¹ theaˆâ€ ¹ kindaˆâ€ ¹ of aˆâ€ ¹ ‘here ‘ youraˆâ€ ¹ maˆâ€ ¹otheraˆâ€ ¹ or your aˆâ€ ¹big sisteraˆâ€ ¹ or aˆâ€ ¹your aˆâ€ ¹graˆâ€ ¹eat-aunt aˆâ€ ¹or your gaˆâ€ ¹randmother would hold said. aˆâ€ ¹ It was theaˆâ€ ¹ kaˆâ€ ¹ind of ‘here ‘ taˆâ€ ¹hat asked the inquiry, aˆâ€ ¹ When will allaˆâ€ ¹ this terminal? When will aˆâ€ ¹a adult male non haveaˆâ€ ¹ to fight toaˆâ€ ¹ have aˆâ€ ¹money to aˆâ€ ¹get what haˆâ€ ¹e needs ‘here ‘ ? When willaˆâ€ ¹ a adult male be able to laˆâ€ ¹ive withouaˆâ€ ¹t haviaˆâ€ ¹ng to killaˆâ€ ¹ another adult male aˆâ€ ¹ ‘heraˆâ€ ¹e ‘ ? † Grant is inquiring for so he can purchase a wireless for Jefferson. Grant believes that black work forces struggle financially and kill other work forces, particularly in the Deep South. Men suffer more because of racism, and adult females pointlessly try to minimise it. This transition besides shows Grant as holding a sexist position. Word picture Grant, 174 â€Å" Jefferaˆâ€ ¹son, † aˆâ€ ¹ I said eventually, I want to be your friend I want you aˆâ€ ¹to inquire aˆâ€ ¹me quaˆâ€ ¹estions I want you to saaˆâ€ ¹y anything that comes to your aˆâ€ ¹mind, anytaˆâ€ ¹hing you want to aˆâ€ ¹say to me. I do n’t caaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹re what I tis say it. I ‘ll maintain it to myseaˆâ€ ¹lf if you wantaˆâ€ ¹ I ‘ll speak about itaˆâ€ ¹ toaˆâ€ ¹ other peoaˆâ€ ¹ple if you want. aˆâ€ ¹ Will you do that for me? â€Å" aˆâ€ ¹He nodded his heaaˆâ€ ¹d. After giving Jefferson a wireless his attitude started to alter ; he became easier to near. Jefferson was able to reconnection with the outside universe. When sentences to imprison he was filled with choler and hatred, but that hatred started to off because the wireless was the most expensive gift he had of all time received. With this Grant to additions Jefferson ‘s trust. Word picture Grant 185 I aˆâ€ ¹teach becauseaˆâ€ ¹ it is theaˆâ€ ¹ merely thinaˆâ€ ¹g aˆâ€ ¹an aˆâ€ ¹educatedaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹blackaˆâ€ ¹ adult male can make aˆâ€ ¹in theaˆâ€ ¹ Southaˆâ€ ¹ today. I don’taˆâ€ ¹ like it ; I hate it. aˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹I do n’t likeaˆâ€ ¹ populating here Iaˆâ€ ¹ waaˆâ€ ¹nt to run aaˆâ€ ¹way. â€Å" Thataˆâ€ ¹ is non aˆâ€ ¹a heaˆâ€ ¹ro. A hero does foaˆâ€ ¹r others. He would make aˆâ€ ¹anaˆâ€ ¹ything for peopleaˆâ€ ¹ he loves, because aˆâ€ ¹he knows aˆâ€ ¹it aˆâ€ ¹would do theaˆâ€ ¹ir livesaˆâ€ ¹ better. aˆâ€ ¹I am non aˆâ€ ¹that sort oaˆâ€ ¹f persoaˆâ€ ¹n, but aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹I want you toaˆâ€ ¹ be. You could aˆâ€ ¹give somethingaˆâ€ ¹ to her, to me, to those kids in theaˆâ€ ¹ qaˆâ€ ¹ua rter. You caˆâ€ ¹ould giveaˆâ€ ¹ something I neveaˆâ€ ¹r could†¦ The waˆâ€ ¹hite peopleaˆâ€ ¹ out there are stating you do n’t haaˆâ€ ¹ve it-aˆâ€ ¹that you’aˆâ€ ¹re a aˆâ€ ¹hog, aˆâ€ ¹ non a adult male. Buaˆâ€ ¹t aˆâ€ ¹I know aˆâ€ ¹they areaˆâ€ ¹ wroaˆâ€ ¹ng. † Grant is speaking to Jefferson about the potency he sees in him. Allow understands now even with Jefferson ‘s deficiency of instruction, he can excel him by confronting his destiny with bravery and self-respect. Grant knows he can non expose the same bravery because he us excessively selfish.It is merely one time Grant has realized this, that he can truly believe in Jefferson ‘s possible to be a hero. By exposing bravery, and love for others he can turn out white people incorrect. Removing the justification for holding slaves and suppressing black people. Fictional character Grant, 191 You aˆâ€ ¹think aˆâ€ ¹you educated? † â€Å" I went to college † â€Å" Toaˆâ€ ¹ Teach reading, authorship, and, arithmetaˆâ€ ¹ic, Reverend. † â€Å" Whaaˆâ€ ¹t did you learnaˆâ€ ¹ about your ain peoaˆâ€ ¹ple? Whaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹at did you laˆâ€ ¹earn her – heraˆâ€ ¹ ’round at that place? † aˆâ€ ¹I did n’t answeraˆâ€ ¹ him. â€Å" No, aˆâ€ ¹you notaˆâ€ ¹ educated, boy, † he aˆâ€ ¹said, saˆâ€ ¹haking his aˆâ€ ¹head. â€Å" You faaˆâ€ ¹r from being educated. You learned your reading, aˆâ€ ¹writing, aaˆâ€ ¹nd ‘rithmetic, but youaˆâ€ ¹ do n’t aˆâ€ ¹know aˆâ€ ¹nothing. Yoaˆâ€ ¹u do n’t even cognize yourselaˆâ€ ¹f. Well? † â€Å" You’aˆâ€ ¹re doiaˆâ€ ¹ng the speaking, Reverend. † aˆâ€ ¹ â€Å" And ed ucateaˆâ€ ¹d, male child, † aˆâ€ ¹he said, beating his thorax. â€Å" I ‘m the 1 that ‘s eduaˆâ€ ¹cated. I know people like you look down aˆâ€ ¹on people likeaˆâ€ ¹ me, but † – he toucheaˆâ€ ¹d his thorax once more – â€Å" I ‘m the 1 that ‘s educated. † A She beenaˆâ€ ¹ lying every twenty-four hours of her aˆâ€ ¹life, youraˆâ€ ¹ aunt in there.T chapeaus how you got through that university. I ve seen her custodies bleed paˆâ€ ¹icking cotton. Reverend Ambrose is stating Grant that he is really more educated than him. Grant may hold a college grade, but the Reverend is educated through experience. He understands himself, his people and their agonies. While Grant does non. Reverend Ambrose Tells Grant what Tante Lou, Grants aunt went through to pay for his college. Besides how her articulatio genuss scarred from praying for Grant. Grant does n’t cognize about any of this. This transition reveals the Reverends idea and why he feels the Bible would be more good to Jefferson instead than comfortss. Word picture Page 215 â€Å" it look like thaˆâ€ ¹e Godhead merely work aˆâ€ ¹for wite folaˆâ€ ¹kaˆâ€ ¹s cause of all time sens one wasn nothin but a litlaˆâ€ ¹e male child I been on my on haulaˆâ€ ¹in H2O to the fiel oaˆâ€ ¹n thaˆâ€ ¹at ol H2O cart humor all them dimaˆâ€ ¹e buaˆâ€ ¹keaˆâ€ ¹ts an that dipaˆâ€ ¹per merely hittiaˆâ€ ¹n an old doaˆâ€ ¹rthy merely traˆâ€ ¹ottin and troaˆâ€ ¹ttin an aˆâ€ ¹me up theiraˆâ€ ¹ hittiaˆâ€ ¹n her humor thaˆâ€ ¹at rope†¦ † Jefferson is reading his journal to Grant. In his diary reveals sophisticated contemplations about whether God prefers white people to black people. Jefferson has gone from eschewing every out to showing his deep ideas and experiencing. In making it helped him to accomplish some self-respect before his decease. Word picture Jefferson, 227 â€Å" The miaˆâ€ ¹nister did non aˆâ€ ¹sleep at all that dark, anaˆâ€ ¹d at twenty-four hours interruption he got upaˆâ€ ¹ knelt beside his beaˆâ€ ¹d to aˆâ€ ¹say his aˆâ€ ¹prayers, so he went to the kitcaˆâ€ ¹hen the warm H2O for his bath. His married woman, aˆâ€ ¹ Mrs. Becky, came into the kitchen to repair him a bowl ofaˆâ€ ¹ Dioscorea trifida for his breakfast. aˆâ€ ¹When heaˆâ€ ¹ finished hisaˆâ€ ¹ bath, haˆâ€ ¹e sat down ataˆâ€ ¹ the tabular array to eaˆâ€ ¹at. † The Author narrates the narrative in 3rd individual, from experiences of assorted people on the twenty-four hours of Jefferson ‘s executing. Rather than from Grant ‘s position for the bulk of the book. These characters do non look elsewhere in the novel. By concentrating on characters that are disjoint from the narrative, the writer reveals that Jefferson has become a hero in the eyes of the people in the one-fourth. Fictional character Page 237 I am aˆâ€ ¹not with you this minute becaˆâ€ ¹ause- becaaˆâ€ ¹useaˆâ€ ¹ I would non hold been able to standaˆâ€ ¹ . I would noaˆâ€ ¹t hold been able to walk with you aˆâ€ ¹those last aˆâ€ ¹fewaˆâ€ ¹ stairss. I would hold embarrassed aˆâ€ ¹you. Baˆâ€ ¹ut the old maaˆâ€ ¹n will non. Heaˆâ€ ¹ will be staˆâ€ ¹rong. Grant expresses sorrow and shame that he was unable to walk with Jefferson to the electric chair, acknowledging that Reverend Ambrose is really braver than him. By non depicting the minute of executing The Author places the reader in the same place as Grant, unable to accomplish the closing that would come with straight witnessing the executing. This deficiency of closing suggests that Jefferson ‘s household and Grant will ne’er to the full heal from the experience. Word picture Grant,249 I waˆâ€ ¹anted to travel I wanted to travel to- God, whaˆâ€ ¹at does a personaˆâ€ ¹ bash who knowsaˆâ€ ¹ there is onlaˆâ€ ¹y oneaˆâ€ ¹ hr to laˆâ€ ¹ive? And â€Å" He is withaˆâ€ ¹ Reverend Ambrose, beaˆâ€ ¹cause Revaˆâ€ ¹erend Ambraˆâ€ ¹ose believes. aˆâ€ ¹ Do you aˆâ€ ¹believe, Jefferson? aˆâ€ ¹ Is he aˆâ€ ¹with you Jefferson? aˆâ€ ¹ Have I done aˆâ€ ¹anythinaˆâ€ ¹gaˆâ€ ¹ to makeaˆâ€ ¹ you non beliaˆâ€ ¹eve? aˆâ€ ¹If I have paˆâ€ ¹lease forgive me for aˆâ€ ¹being a foaˆâ€ ¹ol. Grant ‘s credence of faith at the terminal shows he understands its importance in people ‘s lives. Grant ‘s struggle with Reverend Ambrose was due to his obstinacy. By admiting that he may be incorrect that Grant is able resolutenesss the issue of faith with the Reverend. By seeing faith ‘s importance in for others he shows consideration and empathy, which were the aˆâ€ ¹qualities that he tried to learn Jefferson. Fictional character Grant, 249 â€Å" Donaˆâ€ ¹Ã¢â‚¬â„¢t tellaˆâ€ ¹ me to beaˆâ€ ¹lieve. Don’taˆâ€ ¹ tell me aˆâ€ ¹to belieaˆâ€ ¹ve in the aˆâ€ ¹same Godaˆâ€ ¹ or Torahs taˆâ€ ¹hat menaˆâ€ ¹ believe in aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹who commiaˆâ€ ¹t these aˆâ€ ¹murdeaˆâ€ ¹rs. Don’taˆâ€ ¹ state me to baˆâ€ ¹elieve that aˆâ€ ¹God canaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹ bless this state aˆâ€ ¹and that work forces aˆâ€ ¹are judgedaˆâ€ ¹ by their peaˆâ€ ¹ersaˆâ€ ¹ . Who amongaˆâ€ ¹ his peersaˆâ€ ¹ judged him? aˆâ€ ¹Waˆâ€ ¹as Iaˆâ€ ¹ there? Was the aˆâ€ ¹ministeraˆâ€ ¹ at that place? Was aˆâ€ ¹Haaˆâ€ ¹rry Williaaˆâ€ ¹ms there? aˆâ€ ¹Was Farrell aˆâ€ ¹Jarreau? aˆâ€ ¹ Waˆâ€ ¹as my aunt? aˆâ€ ¹Was Vivaˆâ€ ¹ian? aˆâ€ ¹No, his peaˆâ€ ¹ers did aˆâ€ ¹n ot justice himaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹ , and I will notaˆâ€ ¹ belieaˆâ€ ¹ve. † Grant delaies outside the schoolhouse for intelligence of Jefferson ‘s executing, Grant is intelligibly angry. From what he has experienced he has concluded that there must non be a God, because God would non let unfairnesss like Jefferson ‘s executing. The people closes to Jefferson had no say. Jefferson ‘s destiny was decided below the belt by white people. With this experience begun to understand his people a better. Grant is now being educated. Fictional character Grant 251 A Lesson Before Dying English Literature Essay He couldnt aˆâ€ ¹rememberaˆâ€ ¹ aaˆâ€ ¹ thing he had done all twenty-four hours. The Writer does n’t stating us straight whether Jefferson is guilty or guiltless. Alternatively, he provides the prosecuting officer ‘s and the defence lawyer ‘s versions of the narrative. This creates uncertainties about Jefferson ‘s artlessness. This pick makes it easier to see the subject that we seldom know without uncertainty whether person is guiltless or guilty, but alternatively must trust on evideaˆâ€ ¹nce. Subject Gaines page 5 â€Å" Old aˆâ€ ¹Grope got aˆâ€ ¹the bottle out ofaˆâ€ ¹ the shaˆâ€ ¹elf, but aˆâ€ ¹he did non saˆâ€ ¹et it on the counter. He could see the boaˆâ€ ¹yaˆâ€ ¹s had been drinkiaˆâ€ ¹ng. † â€Å" Bear had baˆâ€ ¹een drinkaˆâ€ ¹ing, aaˆâ€ ¹nd his eyes were calendered, he walkaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹ed falteringly, grinniaˆâ€ ¹ng all taˆâ€ ¹he taˆâ€ ¹ime as he continued around the aˆâ€ ¹counter. â€Å" Go back, † aˆâ€ ¹ Grope told hiaˆâ€ ¹m. † Anaˆâ€ ¹d â€Å" He did n’t cognize what to make. He waaˆâ€ ¹s standing by the spirits aˆâ€ ¹shelf, and saˆâ€ ¹uddaˆâ€ ¹enly realiaˆâ€ ¹zed he needaˆâ€ ¹ed aˆâ€ ¹a drink and neaˆâ€ ¹eded it badaˆâ€ ¹ly. † Jefferson ‘s friends were drunk. It affected their consciousness to their state of affairs which would hold been easy to forestall. Alcohol is clearly has an impact on the black community. Jefferson is unable to construct a solid defence because he was intoxicated and can non retrieve the twenty-four hours of the slaying. Grant is unable to halt contending Griffin because he is intoxicated, and he evades holding a serious conversation with Vivian by imbibing. Alcohol is a subject, most of the imbibing is done to get away world. Subject Page 5 â€Å" A caˆâ€ ¹ornered aˆâ€ ¹animal aˆâ€ ¹likesaˆâ€ ¹ to strikeaˆâ€ ¹ rapidly outaˆâ€ ¹ of fright, a traitaˆâ€ ¹ inheraˆâ€ ¹ited fromaˆâ€ ¹ his ascendants in aˆâ€ ¹the deepest jungle of blackesaˆâ€ ¹t Aaˆâ€ ¹frica-yes, yes, that he can do- but to planaˆâ€ ¹ ? aˆâ€ ¹ To Plan, genaˆâ€ ¹tlemen of theaˆâ€ ¹ jury? aˆâ€ ¹No, aˆâ€ ¹gentlemen, this skull holaˆâ€ ¹ds no aˆâ€ ¹plans. Whaaˆâ€ ¹t you see here is a thingaˆâ€ ¹ that acts aˆâ€ ¹oaˆâ€ ¹n commaˆâ€ ¹and. † Jefferson defense mechanism lawyer provinces that Jefferson could non hold murdered Alcee Grope , because he is excessively stupid. The comparing of a human to an animate being here is agencies by which white people dehumanise black people. Racism is a large subject in the novel it affects how the characters act and how they are treated. This subject affects the whole narrative. Subject Jefferson ‘s defence lawyer, 8 â€Å" I ‘m aˆâ€ ¹the instructor, aˆâ€ ¹ † I said. â€Å" And I taˆâ€ ¹eaaˆâ€ ¹ch what thaˆâ€ ¹e white folks aaˆâ€ ¹round heraˆâ€ ¹e state me to teach-reading, writinaˆâ€ ¹g, aˆâ€ ¹and ‘rithmetic. They ne’er told me hoaˆâ€ ¹w toaˆâ€ ¹ maintain a blacaˆâ€ ¹k male child out of aˆâ€ ¹a liquoraˆâ€ ¹ saˆâ€ ¹tore. † Grant is speaking to his aunt and is being loath to her petition of learning Jefferson. This transition reveals why Grant is hesitating to learn Jefferson. Even though Grant has a high degree of academic accomplishment, he feels unsuitable because his is ain instruction has been based on get the hanging the instructions of white America. Grant knows that he would be assisting to distribute its instructions. Word picture Grant, 13 â€Å" Theaˆâ€ ¹re waˆâ€ ¹as ever intelligence comiaˆâ€ ¹ng back to aˆâ€ ¹theaˆâ€ ¹ quarteaˆâ€ ¹r abouaˆâ€ ¹t person aˆâ€ ¹who haˆâ€ ¹aaˆâ€ ¹d been killeaˆâ€ ¹d or sent aˆâ€ ¹to prison for killing somaˆâ€ ¹eone else: Snowbaˆâ€ ¹all, stabbed to decease at a cabaret in Portaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹Allen ; Claudee, killed by a adult female in New Orlaˆâ€ ¹eans ; Smitty, sent to the saˆâ€ ¹tate peaˆâ€ ¹nitentiary at Angolaˆâ€ ¹a for manslaughaˆâ€ ¹ter. And there weraˆâ€ ¹e others who didaˆâ€ ¹ non travel anyaˆâ€ ¹where but merely dieaˆâ€ ¹d sloaˆâ€ ¹wer. † Sing his pupils chop wood reminded him of himself and former schoolmates. He reflects on the destinies of his schoolmates, who all died immature age. He is remembers his former instructor Matthew Antoine ‘s stating most of his pupils would decease immature despite his best attempts. Grant ‘s schoolmates that stayed in in deep South are unable to populate life to its fuaˆâ€ ¹llest because of legal and economic barriers embedded in racism. This point to a powerful combination of poorness and racial subjugation that African Americans faced in the 40 ‘s Puting Grant, 62 â€Å" I can’aˆâ€ ¹taˆâ€ ¹ state you anything about liaˆâ€ ¹fe, † he aˆâ€ ¹said â€Å" Whaaˆâ€ ¹t do I know about lifeaˆâ€ ¹ ? I stayed here. Yoaˆâ€ ¹u haveaˆâ€ ¹ to travel off to cognize about life. aˆâ€ ¹ There ‘s aˆâ€ ¹no life here. Thaˆâ€ ¹ere’saˆâ€ ¹ nil but ignoaˆâ€ ¹rance here.aˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹You want aˆâ€ ¹to know about life? Well, aˆâ€ ¹it ‘s tooaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹late. Forgaˆâ€ ¹et itaˆâ€ ¹ . Just gaˆâ€ ¹o on and beaˆâ€ ¹ the niggaˆâ€ ¹er you were born to be, aˆâ€ ¹but forget about aˆâ€ ¹life. † aˆâ€ ¹ Grant is speaking to his former instructor. There are similarities between his statement that â€Å" theraˆâ€ ¹e ‘s no liaˆâ€ ¹fe † in Baaˆâ€ ¹yonne and Grant ‘s observation on how his schoolmates are deceasing easy by populating hapless. Both believe that the chance to populate life to its fullest is an of import constituent of human self-respect. This explains why Grant is loath to learn Jefferson ; he believes that self-respect is unachievable without chance since Jefferson is on decease row. Word picture Matthew Antoine 65 â€Å" Anythingaˆâ€ ¹ Iaˆâ€ ¹ ought to taˆâ€ ¹ake toaˆâ€ ¹ him? † Graaˆâ€ ¹nt, â€Å" Food, I suppose. aˆâ€ ¹Maaˆâ€ ¹ybeaˆâ€ ¹ someaˆâ€ ¹ clean apparels. aˆâ€ ¹ I caaˆâ€ ¹ n’t thaˆâ€ ¹ink of anything else. † â€Å" I was believing more aboaˆâ€ ¹ut the bible, † Revaˆâ€ ¹erend Aaˆâ€ ¹mbrose Reverend Ambrose asks Grant what he should convey when sing Jefferson. Grant ‘s conversation shows Grant ‘s beliefs about self-respect. He suggests comfortss ; clean apparels and nutrient. While the Reverend believes that Bible are more of import to assisting the doomed inmate. It is non until the terminal that he is able to admit the importance of faith. Conflict Grant, 101 I rubbaˆâ€ ¹ed my aˆâ€ ¹fistaˆâ€ ¹ withaˆâ€ ¹ my left manus, and aˆâ€ ¹graduaˆâ€ ¹ally begaˆâ€ ¹an aˆâ€ ¹to relax. aˆâ€ ¹ â€Å" That laˆâ€ ¹ady yaˆâ€ ¹ou radius of, aˆâ€ ¹boy caaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹res a batch aˆâ€ ¹about you, † I said toaˆâ€ ¹ him. aˆâ€ ¹ â€Å" She ‘s waitingaˆâ€ ¹ at that scaˆâ€ ¹hool right nowaˆâ€ ¹ foaˆâ€ ¹r me to convey aˆâ€ ¹her intelligence abouaˆâ€ ¹t a turn you. That ‘s aaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹lady yoaˆâ€ ¹u radius of, boy. That ‘s a lady. Becaˆâ€ ¹ause it ‘s she who keaˆâ€ ¹eps me coming aˆâ€ ¹here. Not aˆâ€ ¹your nannan, non aˆâ€ ¹my aˆâ€ ¹ant. Vivian. If I didn’taˆâ€ ¹ have Viviaaˆâ€ ¹n, I wouldn’taˆâ€ ¹ be inaˆâ€ ¹ this aˆâ€ ¹damn holeaˆâ€ ¹ . † After Jefferson insults Grant ‘s girlfriend Vivian, Grant tells Jefferson that he continues to see the Jefferson in prison non because he feels obliged to his aunt or Miss Emma, but because Vivian encouraged him to. Love has great influence. Vivian ‘s love transforms Grant with simple suggestion. Allow became more dedicated to his occupation and held a Christmas pageant for the kids, something he usually would n’t make. Jefferson easy opened up to Grand because he showed Jefferson kindness and love. Power of love to transform people is a subject in this book. Subject Grant 130 He jusaˆâ€ ¹t sat aˆâ€ ¹there aˆâ€ ¹looking at me. ‘aˆâ€ ¹Go on and shriek, Jefferson. aˆâ€ ¹Go oaˆâ€ ¹n and aˆâ€ ¹scream foraˆâ€ ¹ Guidry, aˆâ€ ¹if that’saˆâ€ ¹ what aˆâ€ ¹you want. ‘ Weaˆâ€ ¹ looaˆâ€ ¹ked at each other, and I could see iaˆâ€ ¹n those large reddened aˆâ€ ¹eyes thaaˆâ€ ¹t he was non traveling to shout. He was full of aaˆâ€ ¹nger – and who coulaˆâ€ ¹d fault him? – But he aˆâ€ ¹was no sap. He needed me, and aˆâ€ ¹he waaˆâ€ ¹nted meaˆâ€ ¹ hereaˆâ€ ¹ , if merely to aˆâ€ ¹insult me. † Jefferson feels self-pity, and he wants everyone else to experience his commiseration. As Grant is seeking to hold a meaningful conversation, Jefferson is n’t being concerted. Having ne’er experience much kindness in his life, he finds it difficult to swear Grant and abuses Grant to maintain distance. Jefferson threatens to shout but Grant knew he was n’t traveling. In the terminal, he decides that he wants Allow around to aim his hatred and choler towards. Word picture Page 130 â€Å" Easteaˆâ€ ¹r was when they nailed Him to taˆâ€ ¹he crosaˆâ€ ¹s. And He nevaˆâ€ ¹er said a mumblingaˆâ€ ¹ word. † Grant and Jefferson are speaking about Christmas, and Jefferson refers to Christ. The transition sets up the word picture of Jefferson as a Christ figure. Like Jesus, Jefferson ‘s religious purification concludes in his executing. Death is portion of the immature Jefferson ‘s development into a symbol of innoceaˆâ€ ¹nce and moral pureness. Symbol Jefferson, 139 â€Å" Hoaˆâ€ ¹w do people come up with aaˆâ€ ¹ day of the month aaˆâ€ ¹nd clip aˆâ€ ¹to take lifeaˆâ€ ¹ from anotheaˆâ€ ¹r adult male? Who madaˆâ€ ¹e them Godaˆâ€ ¹ ? † â€Å" Tweaˆâ€ ¹lve white work forces aˆâ€ ¹say a black adult male a must dieaˆâ€ ¹ , and anotheraˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹white maˆâ€ ¹anaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹sets taˆâ€ ¹he dateaˆâ€ ¹ and clip witaˆâ€ ¹hout confer withing one blaˆâ€ ¹ack individual. aˆâ€ ¹ Jusaˆâ€ ¹tice? † Grant ‘s relationship with Jefferson has changed his attitude toward capaˆâ€ ¹ital penalty. In the beginning of the narrative Grand was uninterested when watching Jefferson ‘s test. But now, nevertheless, he is disturbed when hearing that a day of the month has been set for Jefferson ‘s decease, believing that no 1 has the right to kill another. He finds it upsetting that white people can make up one’s mind the destiny of black people. Fictional character Grant, 157 â€Å" It wasaˆâ€ ¹ theaˆâ€ ¹ kindaˆâ€ ¹ of aˆâ€ ¹ ‘here ‘ youraˆâ€ ¹ maˆâ€ ¹otheraˆâ€ ¹ or your aˆâ€ ¹big sisteraˆâ€ ¹ or aˆâ€ ¹your aˆâ€ ¹graˆâ€ ¹eat-aunt aˆâ€ ¹or your gaˆâ€ ¹randmother would hold said. aˆâ€ ¹ It was theaˆâ€ ¹ kaˆâ€ ¹ind of ‘here ‘ taˆâ€ ¹hat asked the inquiry, aˆâ€ ¹ When will allaˆâ€ ¹ this terminal? When will aˆâ€ ¹a adult male non haveaˆâ€ ¹ to fight toaˆâ€ ¹ have aˆâ€ ¹money to aˆâ€ ¹get what haˆâ€ ¹e needs ‘here ‘ ? When willaˆâ€ ¹ a adult male be able to laˆâ€ ¹ive withouaˆâ€ ¹t haviaˆâ€ ¹ng to killaˆâ€ ¹ another adult male aˆâ€ ¹ ‘heraˆâ€ ¹e ‘ ? † Grant is inquiring for so he can purchase a wireless for Jefferson. Grant believes that black work forces struggle financially and kill other work forces, particularly in the Deep South. Men suffer more because of racism, and adult females pointlessly try to minimise it. This transition besides shows Grant as holding a sexist position. Word picture Grant, 174 â€Å" Jefferaˆâ€ ¹son, † aˆâ€ ¹ I said eventually, I want to be your friend I want you aˆâ€ ¹to inquire aˆâ€ ¹me quaˆâ€ ¹estions I want you to saaˆâ€ ¹y anything that comes to your aˆâ€ ¹mind, anytaˆâ€ ¹hing you want to aˆâ€ ¹say to me. I do n’t caaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹re what I tis say it. I ‘ll maintain it to myseaˆâ€ ¹lf if you wantaˆâ€ ¹ I ‘ll speak about itaˆâ€ ¹ toaˆâ€ ¹ other peoaˆâ€ ¹ple if you want. aˆâ€ ¹ Will you do that for me? â€Å" aˆâ€ ¹He nodded his heaaˆâ€ ¹d. After giving Jefferson a wireless his attitude started to alter ; he became easier to near. Jefferson was able to reconnection with the outside universe. When sentences to imprison he was filled with choler and hatred, but that hatred started to off because the wireless was the most expensive gift he had of all time received. With this Grant to additions Jefferson ‘s trust. Word picture Grant 185 I aˆâ€ ¹teach becauseaˆâ€ ¹ it is theaˆâ€ ¹ merely thinaˆâ€ ¹g aˆâ€ ¹an aˆâ€ ¹educatedaˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹blackaˆâ€ ¹ adult male can make aˆâ€ ¹in theaˆâ€ ¹ Southaˆâ€ ¹ today. I don’taˆâ€ ¹ like it ; I hate it. aˆâ€ ¹ aˆâ€ ¹I do n’t likeaˆâ€ ¹ populating here Iaˆâ€ ¹ waaˆâ€ ¹nt to run aaˆâ€ ¹way. â€Å" Thataˆâ€ ¹ is non aˆâ€ ¹a heaˆâ€ ¹ro. A hero does foaˆâ€ ¹r others. He would make aˆâ€ ¹anaˆâ€ ¹ything for peopleaˆâ€ ¹ he loves, because aˆâ€ ¹he knows aˆâ€ ¹it aˆâ€ ¹would do theaˆâ€ ¹ir livesaˆâ€ ¹ better. aˆâ€ ¹I am non aˆâ€ ¹that sort oaˆâ€ ¹f persoaˆâ€ ¹n, but aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹I want you toaˆâ€ ¹ be. You could aˆâ€ ¹give somethingaˆâ€ ¹ to her, to me, to those kids in theaˆâ€ ¹ qaˆâ€ ¹ua rter. You caˆâ€ ¹ould giveaˆâ€ ¹ something I neveaˆâ€ ¹r could†¦ The waˆâ€ ¹hite peopleaˆâ€ ¹ out there are stating you do n’t haaˆâ€ ¹ve it-aˆâ€ ¹that you’aˆâ€ ¹re a aˆâ€ ¹hog, aˆâ€ ¹ non a adult male. Buaˆâ€ ¹t aˆâ€ ¹I know aˆâ€ ¹they areaˆâ€ ¹ wroaˆâ€ ¹ng. † Grant is speaking to Jefferson about the potency he sees in him. Allow understands now even with Jefferson ‘s deficiency of instruction, he can excel him by confronting his destiny with bravery and self-respect. Grant knows he can non expose the same bravery because he us excessively selfish.It is merely one time Grant has realized this, that he can truly believe in Jefferson ‘s possible to be a hero. By exposing bravery, and love for others he can turn out white people incorrect. Removing the justification for holding slaves and suppressing black people. Fictional character Grant, 191 You aˆâ€ ¹think aˆâ€ ¹you educated? † â€Å" I went to college † â€Å" Toaˆâ€ ¹ Teach reading, authorship, and, arithmetaˆâ€ ¹ic, Reverend. † â€Å" Whaaˆâ€ ¹t did you learnaˆâ€ ¹ about your ain peoaˆâ€ ¹ple? Whaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹at did you laˆâ€ ¹earn her – heraˆâ€ ¹ ’round at that place? † aˆâ€ ¹I did n’t answeraˆâ€ ¹ him. â€Å" No, aˆâ€ ¹you notaˆâ€ ¹ educated, boy, † he aˆâ€ ¹said, saˆâ€ ¹haking his aˆâ€ ¹head. â€Å" You faaˆâ€ ¹r from being educated. You learned your reading, aˆâ€ ¹writing, aaˆâ€ ¹nd ‘rithmetic, but youaˆâ€ ¹ do n’t aˆâ€ ¹know aˆâ€ ¹nothing. Yoaˆâ€ ¹u do n’t even cognize yourselaˆâ€ ¹f. Well? † â€Å" You’aˆâ€ ¹re doiaˆâ€ ¹ng the speaking, Reverend. † aˆâ€ ¹ â€Å" And ed ucateaˆâ€ ¹d, male child, † aˆâ€ ¹he said, beating his thorax. â€Å" I ‘m the 1 that ‘s eduaˆâ€ ¹cated. I know people like you look down aˆâ€ ¹on people likeaˆâ€ ¹ me, but † – he toucheaˆâ€ ¹d his thorax once more – â€Å" I ‘m the 1 that ‘s educated. † A She beenaˆâ€ ¹ lying every twenty-four hours of her aˆâ€ ¹life, youraˆâ€ ¹ aunt in there.T chapeaus how you got through that university. I ve seen her custodies bleed paˆâ€ ¹icking cotton. Reverend Ambrose is stating Grant that he is really more educated than him. Grant may hold a college grade, but the Reverend is educated through experience. He understands himself, his people and their agonies. While Grant does non. Reverend Ambrose Tells Grant what Tante Lou, Grants aunt went through to pay for his college. Besides how her articulatio genuss scarred from praying for Grant. Grant does n’t cognize about any of this. This transition reveals the Reverends idea and why he feels the Bible would be more good to Jefferson instead than comfortss. Word picture Page 215 â€Å" it look like thaˆâ€ ¹e Godhead merely work aˆâ€ ¹for wite folaˆâ€ ¹kaˆâ€ ¹s cause of all time sens one wasn nothin but a litlaˆâ€ ¹e male child I been on my on haulaˆâ€ ¹in H2O to the fiel oaˆâ€ ¹n thaˆâ€ ¹at ol H2O cart humor all them dimaˆâ€ ¹e buaˆâ€ ¹keaˆâ€ ¹ts an that dipaˆâ€ ¹per merely hittiaˆâ€ ¹n an old doaˆâ€ ¹rthy merely traˆâ€ ¹ottin and troaˆâ€ ¹ttin an aˆâ€ ¹me up theiraˆâ€ ¹ hittiaˆâ€ ¹n her humor thaˆâ€ ¹at rope†¦ † Jefferson is reading his journal to Grant. In his diary reveals sophisticated contemplations about whether God prefers white people to black people. Jefferson has gone from eschewing every out to showing his deep ideas and experiencing. In making it helped him to accomplish some self-respect before his decease. Word picture Jefferson, 227 â€Å" The miaˆâ€ ¹nister did non aˆâ€ ¹sleep at all that dark, anaˆâ€ ¹d at twenty-four hours interruption he got upaˆâ€ ¹ knelt beside his beaˆâ€ ¹d to aˆâ€ ¹say his aˆâ€ ¹prayers, so he went to the kitcaˆâ€ ¹hen the warm H2O for his bath. His married woman, aˆâ€ ¹ Mrs. Becky, came into the kitchen to repair him a bowl ofaˆâ€ ¹ Dioscorea trifida for his breakfast. aˆâ€ ¹When heaˆâ€ ¹ finished hisaˆâ€ ¹ bath, haˆâ€ ¹e sat down ataˆâ€ ¹ the tabular array to eaˆâ€ ¹at. † The Author narrates the narrative in 3rd individual, from experiences of assorted people on the twenty-four hours of Jefferson ‘s executing. Rather than from Grant ‘s position for the bulk of the book. These characters do non look elsewhere in the novel. By concentrating on characters that are disjoint from the narrative, the writer reveals that Jefferson has become a hero in the eyes of the people in the one-fourth. Fictional character Page 237 I am aˆâ€ ¹not with you this minute becaˆâ€ ¹ause- becaaˆâ€ ¹useaˆâ€ ¹ I would non hold been able to standaˆâ€ ¹ . I would noaˆâ€ ¹t hold been able to walk with you aˆâ€ ¹those last aˆâ€ ¹fewaˆâ€ ¹ stairss. I would hold embarrassed aˆâ€ ¹you. Baˆâ€ ¹ut the old maaˆâ€ ¹n will non. Heaˆâ€ ¹ will be staˆâ€ ¹rong. Grant expresses sorrow and shame that he was unable to walk with Jefferson to the electric chair, acknowledging that Reverend Ambrose is really braver than him. By non depicting the minute of executing The Author places the reader in the same place as Grant, unable to accomplish the closing that would come with straight witnessing the executing. This deficiency of closing suggests that Jefferson ‘s household and Grant will ne’er to the full heal from the experience. Word picture Grant,249 I waˆâ€ ¹anted to travel I wanted to travel to- God, whaˆâ€ ¹at does a personaˆâ€ ¹ bash who knowsaˆâ€ ¹ there is onlaˆâ€ ¹y oneaˆâ€ ¹ hr to laˆâ€ ¹ive? And â€Å" He is withaˆâ€ ¹ Reverend Ambrose, beaˆâ€ ¹cause Revaˆâ€ ¹erend Ambraˆâ€ ¹ose believes. aˆâ€ ¹ Do you aˆâ€ ¹believe, Jefferson? aˆâ€ ¹ Is he aˆâ€ ¹with you Jefferson? aˆâ€ ¹ Have I done aˆâ€ ¹anythinaˆâ€ ¹gaˆâ€ ¹ to makeaˆâ€ ¹ you non beliaˆâ€ ¹eve? aˆâ€ ¹If I have paˆâ€ ¹lease forgive me for aˆâ€ ¹being a foaˆâ€ ¹ol. Grant ‘s credence of faith at the terminal shows he understands its importance in people ‘s lives. Grant ‘s struggle with Reverend Ambrose was due to his obstinacy. By admiting that he may be incorrect that Grant is able resolutenesss the issue of faith with the Reverend. By seeing faith ‘s importance in for others he shows consideration and empathy, which were the aˆâ€ ¹qualities that he tried to learn Jefferson. Fictional character Grant, 249 â€Å" Donaˆâ€ ¹Ã¢â‚¬â„¢t tellaˆâ€ ¹ me to beaˆâ€ ¹lieve. Don’taˆâ€ ¹ tell me aˆâ€ ¹to belieaˆâ€ ¹ve in the aˆâ€ ¹same Godaˆâ€ ¹ or Torahs taˆâ€ ¹hat menaˆâ€ ¹ believe in aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹who commiaˆâ€ ¹t these aˆâ€ ¹murdeaˆâ€ ¹rs. Don’taˆâ€ ¹ state me to baˆâ€ ¹elieve that aˆâ€ ¹God canaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹ bless this state aˆâ€ ¹and that work forces aˆâ€ ¹are judgedaˆâ€ ¹ by their peaˆâ€ ¹ersaˆâ€ ¹ . Who amongaˆâ€ ¹ his peersaˆâ€ ¹ judged him? aˆâ€ ¹Waˆâ€ ¹as Iaˆâ€ ¹ there? Was the aˆâ€ ¹ministeraˆâ€ ¹ at that place? Was aˆâ€ ¹Haaˆâ€ ¹rry Williaaˆâ€ ¹ms there? aˆâ€ ¹Was Farrell aˆâ€ ¹Jarreau? aˆâ€ ¹ Waˆâ€ ¹as my aunt? aˆâ€ ¹Was Vivaˆâ€ ¹ian? aˆâ€ ¹No, his peaˆâ€ ¹ers did aˆâ€ ¹n ot justice himaˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹ , and I will notaˆâ€ ¹ belieaˆâ€ ¹ve. † Grant delaies outside the schoolhouse for intelligence of Jefferson ‘s executing, Grant is intelligibly angry. From what he has experienced he has concluded that there must non be a God, because God would non let unfairnesss like Jefferson ‘s executing. The people closes to Jefferson had no say. Jefferson ‘s destiny was decided below the belt by white people. With this experience begun to understand his people a better. Grant is now being educated. Fictional character Grant 251