AeroFlot Flight 8641 Crash Analysis

AeroFlot Flight 8641 Crash Analysis Most people think of planes as a fast and efficient way to get to a place farther away than what a car can take them. But, what most people dont know is that there are engineering design problems. One of which happened to Aeroflot Flight 8641. In June 28, 1981, AeroFlot Flight 8641 encountered an engineering design problem. Unfortunately, it ended horribly and the crash killed everyone on board which was a total of 132 people. The plane crashed near Mozyr, Belarus. This opened the peoples eyes about the Yak-42s. All Yak-42s were suspended from service until the design defect was solved and tested. Yakovlev is a plane company out of Russia.In 1965, Yakovlev built the Yak-40. Then in the early 1970s the Yak-42 was designed and built. The designers are working on a new plane design called the Yak-44. The Yak-42 is a medium size jet airliner. AeroFlot Flight 8641 was the first crash with this plane because of the design failure. This crash was the first and deadliest crash including the Yak-42. No one knew about the design defect until the investigation on why the plane lost control and crashed.[1] During the investigation, it was found that the whole tail of the plane detached due to metal fatigue on the jackscrew. [3]The metal on the jackscrew was melted, which made it deform and cause a weak spot in the tail. The pressure of the air and speed of the plane started cracking and breaking the tail off, which cause the plane to dive down to the ground and crashed killing everyone on board. The designers were a group from the company, Yakovlev. They were blamed for the crash because they didnt take precautions on metal fatigue issue in the prototypes[4]. After the crash, the designers had to fix the problem before sending any more planes up into the air. So, the designers had to find a way to stop metal fatigue. New precautions were put into place on how to keep the jack screw from melting.[6] The designers needed to know parts of structural engineering, mechanical engineering, and material science.[7] They needed to know how to keep the stress below the fatigue level and also, needed to know how to make the plane efficient when one part fails the whole plan does not fail.[8] They also had a part life[9]. This is when a part got used to a certain amount of time it got replaced with a new one. And lastly, the plane was checked for cracks and when a crack gets to a certain length the part is replaced. The jackscrew is made out of cast iron. This cast irons melting point is 2060-2200 degrees fahrenheit or 1127-1204 degrees celsius. The solution of the new design is how to divert the heat from the jackscrew or change the material of the jackscrew or the materials around it to keep the jackscrew cooled of[10]f. The design of the Yakovlev Yak-42 was the cause of the crash. The designers had to make a new design to solve the problem that happened to AeroFlot Flight 8641. There were also new precautions put into place to prevent crashes or issues with the plane. New part lifes were also introduced to keep the planes running for longer and to keep old parts off the plane to cut off the chance of it failing and causing a crash. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackscrew https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(material) https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Aeroflot%20Flight%208641 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_8641 http://www.theinfolist.com/php/SummaryGet.php?FindGo=Yakovlev%20Yak-42 http://www.airvectors.net/avyak40.html Aeroflot flight 8641 Jackscrew https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackscrew Metal fatigue https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(material) https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Aeroflot%20Flight%208641 Jackscrew mechanism in the aircrafts tail The aircraft lost control and dove into the ground https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_8641 Killed all 132 people on board When June 28, 1982 Where Near Mozyr, Belarus How Jackscrew mechanism in the aircrafts tail What happened after All yak-42s were shut down until the problem as fixed Yakovlev Yak-42 The tailplane detached from the plane http://www.theinfolist.com/php/SummaryGet.php?FindGo=Yakovlev%20Yak-42 Rubric rating submitted on: 12/21/2016, 11:56:36 AM by [emailprotected] 10 5 0 Title Page    Your score: 5 x Present not done Table of Contents    Your score: 5 x Present not done Abstract    Your score: 5 Present not done Introduction    Your score: 5 x Background    Your score: 5 Present not done Investigation    Your score: 6 Present not done Findings    Your score: 7 Present not done Impact    Your score: 0 Present not done Conclusion    Your score: 5 x not done References    Your score: 10 References included no references Notes    Your score: 10 Notes recorded no notes 6 Content Pages    Your score: 3 filled 6 pages 3 content pages no contents pages Comments: Rubric rating submitted on: 12/21/2016, 12:14:40 PM by [emailprotected] 10 5 0 Title Page    Your score: 5 x Present not done Table of Contents    Your score: 5 x Present not done Abstract    Your score: 5 Present not done Introduction    Your score: 5 x Background    Your score: 5 Present not done Investigation    Your score: 7 Present not done Findings    Your score: 8 Present not done Impact    Your score: 5 Present not done Conclusion    Your score: 5 x not done References    Your score: 10 References included no references Notes    Your score: 10 Notes recorded no notes 6 Content Pages    Your score: 3 filled 6 pages 3 content pages no contents pages Comments: [1]how long did they make these planes? were there any other problems before this incident? where were they made? Did the company make any other planes? [2]describe HOW the accident was investigated how did they figure that out? [3]What is a jack screw and what does it do? Why does a plane need it? [4]Were there problems during testing, that were ignored? what is metal fatigue? what happens to metal as it is failing? [5]Findings? Who was at fault, what caused the accident, what future precautions were recommended? [6]is melting the same as metal fatigue? [7]why do they need to know these things and what do they need to know about these things? [8]Were they able to do this? is that the way they are design currently that if something fails, like a tail breaking, that they can still fly/land the plane? [9]is this a precaution or a new practice? [10]which one of these did they do? did they try both and decide on one? what are the advantages and disadvantages of one method or the other? [11]missing a section?

The Joys of Being Pregnant

On August 9, 2010, life as I knew it changed forever. It was a normal summer day at home, much like any other Monday that summer. Everything on the outside appeared to be the same as usual, but on the inside, I knew there was a change. I was two weeks pregnant and I wouldn’t know it until about 5:30 that night. It was a very emotional discovery, finding that I would become a mother in a little less than nine short months. Not only did that discovery change my life, but it also changed the lives of many others who love and care about me. My mother, 33, would become a young grandmother and my step dad, 26, would become an even younger grandfather. My boyfriend of three years would have to throw away his childhood and become a man for his son or daughter. I was scared to death that the shock and severity of my situation would destroy any chance of gaining the support of them, but all three, along with the rest of my family, kept loving me and began to love the new life growing inside of me. I am now eleven weeks pregnant and I have had the privilege of actually seeing my baby via ultrasound. He or she was almost a centimeter long on the first of September and resembled a peanut or a lima bean. Seeing the baby’s heartbeat flashing like a tiny strobe light hit me like a ton of bricks. The â€Å"embryo† that I had heard of in books and diagrams was now a child to me; a living, growing baby who was developing arms and legs and eyes. A baby that may grow up to have my dimples or my boyfriend’s blue eyes. He or she would call me â€Å"mommy† and love me unconditionally. And I would love him or her right back, as strong and as hard as I could. I keep the pictures from the sonogram on the refrigerator, but my favorite one is in a little white frame in my bedroom. I look at it often and I wonder how much the baby has changed since that picture was taken. My next appointment is the 29th, and I am so anxious to be able to see how much this life inside of me has grown and be able to take home more pictures that I will treasure as much as the first one.

`` O Brother Where Art But `` Is A 2000 Comedy By Joel Coen

â€Å"O brother where art though† is a 2000 Comedy by Joel Coen. The plot of the film is constructed around three escaped prisoners and their sharp cunning leader Ulysses Everett McGee. We get to see the picturesque adventures of Ulysses and his companions Delmar and Pete in the settings of 1930s Mississippi. Trying to reach Everett s home to recover the buried treasure of a bank heist they get confronted by a series of strange characters: sirens, a cyclops, bank robber George Baby Face Nelson, a campaigning governor, a Ku Klux Klan lynch mob, and a blind prophet who gives them a prophesy. â€Å"O brother where art though† is loosely based on Homer’s Odyssey. It is a cunning intellectual screen adaptation of Homer’s timeless work. The links to the Odyssey are puzzling and it took me more than one viewing to notice some them. I will describe every scene, point out the parallels between film and the book, and then explain each one of them in detail. Cohen starts his film with words: O muse! Sing in me, and through me tell the story Of that man skilled in all the ways of contending, A wanderer, harried for years on end... Just like Homer starts his first book of Odyssey: â€Å"Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy†... â€Å"Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them.† After falling from a train Ulysses (Roman name of Odysseus) and his companions are chased byShow MoreRelated O Brother, Where Art Thou? - From Greek Classic to American Original3139 Words   |  13 PagesO Brother, Where Art Thou? - From Greek Classic to American Original In the winter of 2001, American audiences initially paid little attention to Joel and Ethan Coens Depression era, jail-break, musical buddy comedy O Brother, Where Art Thou? The films reputation lingered, however, and over the next seven months O Brother eventually grossed a significant $45.5 million (imdb.com). Loosely adapted from Homer’s The Odyssey, the film focuses on Ulysses Everett McGill’s (George Clooney’s) journeyRead MoreO Brother Where Art Thou1597 Words   |  7 PagesApril 12, 2008 Film Analysis â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† This old time musical theatrical movie clip was an insightful blast from the past that made you cherish those days where it was inconceivable to not be a gentlemen, and it was a down right shame to be anything less then an honest women. This old time movie with a new age attitude definitely strikes the funny bone of any modern day movie watcher. â€Å"The opening titles inform us that the Coen Brothers O Brother, Where Art Thou is based on Homers

Harrison Bergeron - 806 Words

Harrison Bergeron: Negotiation of Identity In a world with no individuality, is it possible for humanity to progress? In the short story, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† the author, Kurt Vonnegut, presents the idea of a conformed society in which everyone is totally equal; if one is superior to another, then they must wear a certain handicap to supress their talent. However, the flaw in this type of society is the loss of one’s identity and freedom. A conformed society technically wouldn’t be very equal because the government would still have power over the citizens and this could lead to a possibility of a dictatorship. Also, there wouldn’t be any innovation within a conformed society because everyone would be equal and competition wouldn’t exist†¦show more content†¦Also, the author exemplifies the rules being created which are supposedly meant to help the people, but instead they are oppressing their freedom and individuality. Kurt Vonnegut develops an idea that a conformed society can’t be equal and the total equality would produce a society with no individuality as well as no innovation therefore humanity would not be able to progress. The fault in Harrison Bergeron’s society is an absence of individualism and a freedom because everyone would have the same identity; this conquers one’s freedom because they must wear handicaps against their will. Also, the government in the Harrison Bergeron is sort of like a dictatorship because they have a huge advantage over everyone else and they command others into doing what they think is ‘right.’ The uneven levels of power within the society create an unequal system and that contradicts the idea of a totally equal world. Humanity would not be able to progress without individuality because in a world with everyone being equal, physically and mentally, there wouldn’t be any improvement or breakthroughs that could advance theSh ow MoreRelatedharrison bergeron952 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ An Equal Society with a Strong Government In 2081, all of society is forced to be equal. In Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.’s short story, Harrison Bergeron, everyone is assigned â€Å"handicaps† that make them equal to everyone else. These handicaps included wearing weights around the neck, wearing a mask to cover beauty, and having a device in the ear so thinking could not be overdone. â€Å"Nobody was smarter than anyone else; nobody was better looking than anyone else; nobody was stronger or quicker than anyoneRead MoreHarrison Bergeron1095 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. is a story literally exaggerated to its limit by showing, in the near future, what it means to be equal in every way by having people not being able to show any form of intelligence or creativity whatsoever. When Harrison Bergeron breaks the chains of government oppression, he dies for his failed cause. He dies because he chooses not to conform to the rest of his oppressive society. His parents, George andRead MoreHarrison Bergeron1317 Words   |  6 PagesAn impartial society: Utopia or Hell? What would happen to the world if the people were literally equal in every aspect of their lives? In the futuristic short story, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut Jr., the world is finally living up to America’s first amendment of everyone being created equal. In this society, the gifted, strong, and beautiful are required to wear handicaps of earphones, heavy weights, and hideous masks, respectively. Thus, these constraints leave the world equal fromRead MoreHarrison Bergeron983 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is a story about Big Government forcing equality on citizens by the use of handicaps; in doing so they hold everyone back from their fullest potential. The year 2081 is oppressive to say the least; people are punished for being above average in intelligence, beauty, physical abilities or any variety of capabilities. No one is supposed to be more attractive, stronger, more intelligent or quicker than anyone else. The quest for egalitarianism is faulty; people who are born giftedRead MoreHarrison Bergeron2717 Words   |  11 Pages According to Vonnegut, so did the U.S. government, in the year 2081. In the outrageous short story of Harrison Bergeron, many historic achievements and ideas, like the Manifesto, can closely parallel with that of the future outlook described by Vonnegut. Vonnegut shows the ridiculousness of the outcome of this, at the time, pop ular ideology with satire and exaggerations. Harrison Bergeron opens with a paragraph that immediately gives a background setting to the story as a whole. The time of 2081Read MoreEssay on Harrison Bergeron682 Words   |  3 PagesHarrison Bergeron, projected on a stage representing the conformity of a society with a system of Government based on equality for the weak, which are monitored and controlled by a dictatorial Government. This story is a literary sample that gives us a system of Government, where the law was created with the intention of limiting the individuals and turning them into beings with actuation equality, controlling them through the transmitters or obstacles in their body for that people couldRead MoreHarrison Bergeron Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesHarrison Bergeron Imagine a world where an oppressive government captures what many call diversity. Where ugly is known as beauty and intelligence is insignificant. â€Å"They werent only equal before God and the law. They were equal every which way. Nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else.† (Vonnegut) This is the future that Harrison experiences, in the short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† by Kurt Vonnegut. ItRead MoreEssay On Harrison Bergeron710 Words   |  3 PagesDo you think society would improve if everyone was equal? Even though people may argue with me, I say that everyone isn’t truly equal in the story, Harrison Bergeron. I say this due to how people that are naturally born with above average intelligence, strength, and looks gorgeous has to wear handicaps to hide their unique abilities. Another reason is that some people are either respected or disrespected because of their special talents. Thirdly, some people in the story does not need to follow theRead MoreThe Lottery and Harrison Bergeron1100 Words   |  5 Pages The Lottery and Harrison Bergeron People with power in society often have the ability to influence the practice of certain traditions. These traditions can affect what a citizen is entitled to do. In todays day and age, life without basic freedoms and rights sounds unthinkable. However, in Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery† and Kurt Vonneguts â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† this is the reality. Old Man Warner and the Handicapper General show that people in positions of authority encourage outdated traditionsRead MoreAnalysis Of George Bergeron s Harrison Bergeron 1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe title character, Harrison Bergeron, wants to defy the government system and dare to be different. The society he lives in wants everyone to be equal in every way—â€Å"nobody was smarter [or better looking or stronger or quicker] than anybody else† (Vonnegut 226). George Bergeron had an intelligence [†¦] way above normal† (Vonnegut 226) and thus had a â€Å"transmitter [that] would send out some sharp noise† (Vonnegut 227) about every twenty seconds. George Bergeron is very superior in every way, â€Å"[wearing]

Social Stratification, Class System And Ethnocentrism

Social stratification, class systems, and ethnocentrism are all parts of our society that influence our thoughts of what is normal and what is outlandish. Social stratification is a system in which society ranks and organizes people into ranks to identify them. A class system is a system which classifies people based on their social position at birth and their achievements later in life. Ethnocentrism is the view that one’s own culture is â€Å"normal† and other cultures are odd; through ethnocentrism, a person judges other cultures through their own standards. Social stratification can influence what is considered normal in a particular culture or subculture due to their social categories. Within different social categories, people can and†¦show more content†¦There can even be ethnocentrism between the overlying culture between socioeconomic classes; whilst someone in the upper class may not balk at the prospect of spending more than $400 on a jacket, someone in the lower or even middle class would most likely not pay near that much for a single jacket. An example of an action that is considered normal in American culture, yet could be considered strange to other cultures, is the emphasis on individuality and independence. In the United States, it is considered weird if a child lives with their parents after high school, or college if they choose to attend as many do. However, in some Asian and European countries, it is considered perfectly normal for some children to live with one or two other generations in their family in order to keep a close bond and minimize the cost of living. To many in those countries it is a strange idea that people prize independence so much as to leave their family and take the financial risk of purchasing or renting their own house; however, they may not even live there alone, there may be roommates to share the cost. This may seem to a bit hypocritical to outsiders, as the goal of moving out of theShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Four Primary Types Of Human Adaptation?1685 Words   |  7 Pagesstresses. Chapter 2. 8. What are ethnocentrism and cultural relativism? How are they similar and/or different? Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are similar in a way that they both try to explain and understand the norms and values of other cultures. But, they are different in the perception of those cultures. Ethnocentrism is the treatment of another culture based on its own values and standards. It has an exclusive approach and is culturally insensitive. Ethnocentrism may be positive, negative andRead MoreStratification : Social, Class, And Caste1197 Words   |  5 PagesStratification: Social, Economic, Class, and Caste Social stratification is made up of hierarchical relationships among different groups of people. It is as though people are arranged in strata, or layers. Groups may be unequal with material resources, power, human welfare, education, and symbolic attributes. This social stratification began with the emergence of agriculture, but is now universally present. Stratification can be broken up into categories such as class, caste, age, and indigeneityRead MoreTheories Of Functionalism And Culture, Socialization And Social Stratification858 Words   |  4 Pagesgoverned by social structures that are based mainly on shared values and that contribute to social stability† (Brym and Lie 2015:5). Through sociological imagination, â€Å"the quality of mind that enables one to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures† (Brym and Lie 2015:7). I am able to look at the case in a different perspective, in which I can analyze the case above by using concepts of functionalism including culture, socialization and social stratification. The case aboveRead MoreSociology And How It Affects Me1044 Words   |  5 Pagessociology and how it affects me. Here are 10 concept that have impacted in my life. In our first unit of sociology, I felt I could relate with the term social network, The term social network refers to the people who are linked to one another(Henslin,116.)Social networks include everyone you know. I can relate to social networking because I m on a social salsa team. When I joined my dance team , we all had the same passion, the love of dance. After a few years of performing and hanging with the sameRead MoreSociology: Poverty and Stratification812 Words   |  4 Pagesis the trend towards social stratification, the system by which society organizes itself into a hierarchy. In some cultures this is manifest in the form of a caste system in which people who are in poverty have little to no chance of escaping it. In the United States the system is more in the form of a class system in which there is at least some degree of social mobility, and less status consistency allows people in poverty to have the possibility of changing their social status, but rarely theRead MoreEthnocentrism, Social Stratification And The Theory Of Conflict1760 Words   |  8 PagesEssay: â€Å"Ethnocentrism, Social Stratification and the theory of conflict.† -Arjana Zyka The basic insight of the sociological perspective is that the world does not consist of a reality that everyone sees in exactly the same way and that each and every one of us possesses our own individual social construction of reality (the sum total of our life experience, observations and thoughts.) The Micro level of analysis is that which pertains to the individual and the macro level applies to the largerRead MoreSystems of Social Stratification2682 Words   |  11 PagesThe caste, the class and the colour-bar are among the systems of social stratification. The main aim of this essay is to compare and contrast these systems as well as indicating their advantages and disadvantages to development. The essay begins with defining the key terms which include comparing, contrasting and development. It further goes on to define as well as explain social stratification itself, the caste, the class and the colour-bar systems respectively. The essay further talks about theRead MoreSocial Stratification And Gender Inequality Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesmultiple forms of social stratification whether it may be social class, caste, slavery, race or even gender. Social stratification places groups of people in a hierarchy depending on their social status which is respective to their economic income. This in turn determines their social position in society. With social stratification comes social mobility. These two terms are commonly found together when describing social stratification. Social mobility is simply â€Å"the change of social status within societyRead MoreMedia And Mass Media907 Words   |  4 Pagessocialization and an enforcer of social norms. Mass media can also tell people what society expects from them through incentives and punishments depending on a person’s behavior whether it is glorified or penalized and it serves as a promoter of consumer culture such as the heartbreaking film the Titanic. The plot involves a young man named Jack from a working-class background falling in love with a rich upper class white woman named Rose who is engaged with a man with the same social status as her. Jack whoRead MoreChapter 36148 Words   |  25 Pages__________ is a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living. A. society B. clique C. fraternity D. culture E. more 5. A group of people who share a common set of values and norms is known as what? A. Clique B. Society C. Organization D. Anthropocentrism E. Culture 6. _______ are the two central components of culture. A. Ethics and laws B. Values and norms C. Religious beliefs and family tradition D. Class consciousness

Evolution Alongside Creationism School Free Essays

Engwr300 Online Essay #2 10/21/2012 Evolution alongside Creationism School In the essay â€Å"Why Evolution should be taught in public school† by Laura Kahn. According to Kahn, we need to educate the next generation of scientists on understanding how microbes develop and change to give them the tools to develop treatment against antibiotic resistant bacteria emerging viruses, and other deadly microbes. As she learned from her time in medicine, she recognizes the necessity of learning evolution to develop treatments in this rapid microbial environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution Alongside Creationism School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately, certain aspects of society insist that religious doctrine be taught instead of evolution. According to a 2005 Harris poll, a majority of U. S citizens believe in creationism. Another survey show that two-thirds of U. S citizen believe creationism should be taught alongside evolution. Mrs. Kahn believed if we fail to teach science in public schools we would become scientifically illiterate. Therefore, we need to remain vigilant that our children receive a good science education to further enhance human understanding, and a good science education includes learning about evolution. In the nineteenth century, during the â€Å"Spontaneous generation† scientists and physicians were unprepared in developing strategies against infectious killing diseases. Until French chemist Louis Pasteur convince the world that invisible microbes caused disease, which disprove and replace the spontaneous generation with the germ theory of disease Pasteur theory, suggested that life could develop from nonliving organic matter. Pasteur study fermentation and spontaneous generation in 1859, he discovered a link between microbes, fermentation, and putrefaction, and diseases, however, convincing the scientist and medical profession to accept the idea was a challenge. Kahn example of â€Å"spontaneous generation shows what could happen if children are not educated about evolution, future generation wouldn’t be able to understand little details about germs and how they work. Further Laura H. Kahn shows the difference between creationism and evolution. She says that creationism is the belief that God created the heavens and the earth, and all living beings. Charles Darwin’s â€Å"theory of evolution† is controversy of creationism because it undermines religious doctrine. Proponents of creationism say that it is a scientific theory. They state that creationism is an alternative scientific theory to evolution. People who believe in creationism can’t prove existence of God and not even people who believe in evolution can prove that there’s no God. The first public disputation on creationism versus evolution was in1860 between Thomas Huxley and Bishop Samuel Wilberforce. In 1925, Tennessee passed the Butler Act that interdicted to teach evolution in public schools. The ACLU chose to protect any teacher who violated the act. There was one teacher named John Scopes, he discussed evolution with his biology class at the Rhea County High School. He was sued for it and was convicted and fined for a hundred dollars. But in 1927, John Scopes was justified and also Tennessee abolished the Butler Act. Germ theory of disease helps us to understand the causes of infectious disease and evolution helps us to understand the development of antimicrobial stability. Kahn thinks that â€Å"we need to remain vigilant that our children receive a good science education to further enhance human understanding. And a good science education includes learning about evolution. † Concurrently with the time of Pasteur, the director of the Museum of Natural History, Felix-Archimede Pouchet claimed he had product spontaneous generation, but Pasteur work on fermentation conceived him otherwise. So, he decided to disprove Pouchet’s claim with his experiment to show that different concentrations of microbes existed depending on the location and elevation. Pouchet tried duplicating Pasteur’s result but failed, so Pasteur demanded that the experiment be repeated by a commission appointed by the Academy of Science and that the experiment be conducted in a laboratory in the museum of Natural History. After the experiment, the academy later issued an official announcement that Pasteur had successfully disproved spontaneous generation. Yet, spontaneous generation proponents in other countries still attack his findings. Until, German physician Robert Koch proved that bacterial is the causes of a number of infectious diseases finally putting spontaneous generation to rest. For the longest time in history, people understood the nature of epidemics and to develop effective preventive and control strategies against infectious diseases. Kahn also agrees creationism verse evolution. â€Å"Creationism† is the belief that a deity created the heavens, earth, and all its living creatures. Although, many civilizations have creation stories rooted in religious belief. Unlike spontaneous generation that is based on observation. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution was develop after collecting extensive data while on a five year, round the world journey aboard; Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation based on scientific theory on observation. Proponents of creationism propose creationism is an alternative scientific to evolution, yet they don’t provide scientific evidence for the existence of an intelligent deity. Instead they cite gaps in evolutionary theory. She asks the question, how would someone prove by observation and experimentation the existence of a deity or how would someone disprove evolution? She explained there’s extensive evidence in the fossil record in genetic code, and in rapidly evolving microbes, and experimental results of thousands of years of human genetic manipulation through selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals. Kahn makes a very valid point in defense of evolution, she writes a well put together argument, and she supports the evidence for the existence of evolution, but expects the same from the creationists. Kahn enables readers to think clearly about the effectiveness of creationism and evolution. However, acquiring the permission to teach evolution remains a problematic issue since teaching evolution is prohibited as it is against the beliefs of many people. Which I don’t understand, I believe it show be up to the teacher to decide when lecturing about creationism because evolution can easier be link with creationism in school for a better understand with the children and they could think about new information for themselves whether he or she agree or disagree, but I think completely avoiding the topic can be harmful in the future for health reasons. Finally, Kahn’s main point I believe is to inform the readers about the evolutionary education, and not to eliminate creationism from school, her goal is to ensure that evolution be considered important as it will direct our future generation. Just how Pasteur and Darwin, she hopes someone will do same for evolution. Kahn provides valid facts with actual evidences to help guide her readers in learning the importance of teaching evolution in public schools. How to cite Evolution Alongside Creationism School, Essay examples

System Analysis and Design for Cloud Solution - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSystem Analysis and Design for Cloud Based Solution. Answer: Introduction In all the different approaches of System Development Life Cycle requirements specifications for a certain system must be set first. The requirement specification sets the pace for the implementation of a new system. If the requirement specification stage is well defined then the systematic flow of steps till the implementation is smoothened. Features of the my health record system These are mainly the qualities of a system that should be depicted by the health record system; the metrics that make a system qualify to be referred to as a whole. The cloud based solution system should have these properties/features/qualities for it to be considered to be implemented as my health record system for Headspace health organization. Classification of system qualities. This is according to interface requirement qualities, performance requirement qualities, life cycle requirement qualities, business requirement qualities and government policies requirement qualities. Interface requirement qualities. This is the ability of the cloud based solution to implement the interactive feature of the new my health record system which tends to interact with the users who are the medicine practitioners and the youths with the mental problems. The youths register themselves in the cloud based solution system and provide their details. The medicine practitioners for instance a psychiatrist accesses the details of the youth and gives advise through reports which the youth is bound to receive, Performance Requirement qualities. The cloud based system should be able to work as per the performance constraint specification for the my health record system. These constraints are: Time and space. The time specifies the number of operations or processes that can be processed per second with my health record system whereas the space defines the amount of space required for the storage of data and information on the patient youths. Security. The cloud based solution system should work so as to implement the security specifications of my health record system. This specifies the people authorized to access and view certain information and in this case the patients and the medical practitioners are the only ones authenticated to. Reliability of the system. Is the cloud based solution system efficient and effective for the specified task needed by headspace? It should be able to create patient records and store them. Compatibility. Is the cloud based solution able to incorporate new user needs and new technologies in the health sector? Operating requirement qualities. This involves the physical constraints of my health record system. For instance the capability of the cloud based solution system to respond to maintenance, troubleshooting and implementation. System development life cycle requirement qualities which is further subdivided into two: Design rating. Adaptability of the cloud based solution system in the near future is considered. Development limits. The factors that limit development of a system such as the deadline of a system, resources availability, cost of development and time limit are put into consideration. Business requirement qualities. This is the monetary value that a system will add to the current system or the cost that will be incurred when implementing the cloud based solution system. Government policies requirement qualities. A good cloud based solution system should abide by the specified law of a government or a nation. Features of a system are categorized into two: Non-functional feature and the Functional features. The non-functional features check the functionality of a system whereas the functional qualities are the actual functions of a system Chung do Prado (2009). Non-functional features of my health record system based on FURPS include: Functionality of my health record system. Is the cloud based solution system capable of performing the tasks that Headspace requires from a system? Does the cloud based solution system have the capabilities, the purpose and the security measures to be used effectively and efficiently by Headspace? Usability of my health record system. The cloud based solution system should be user friendly. It should be able to interact with different users of Headspace. It should be able to consume information from the patients and store them. It should be able to retrieve information from a database and convey a report. Reliability of my health record system. The cloud based solution system should be depended on in terms of security of data, accuracy of data, retrieval of data and should be open to troubleshooting, repair and maintenance in case a system failure occurs. Performance of my health record system. The cloud based solution system should ensure a smooth flow of activities of patient registration, consultation and production of reports for Headspace. Supportability feature of my health record system. The cloud based solution system has to encompass compatibility, testability, portability and troubleshooting for it to be considered whole. Comparison between Non-functional features and functional features of the cloud based solution system. Non-functional features of my health record system Functional features of my health record system Ensures the cloud based solution system performs the intended operations for Headspace but does not specify how this is achieved with respect to the new my health record system that is to be implemented. Ensures the cloud based solution follows the guidelines and the procedures of performing the Headspace, my health record system, intended operations for instance the system should capture patient information provided and store it for future analysis. Usability specifies that the cloud based solution system should be user friendly but does not elaborate on how it should do so with respect to the implementation of my health record system. Usability here is well specified as to how the system will interact with its users through the interface modules put in place. For instance when a patient is registering with Headspace through the health record system the system should prompt the user to enter details and finally inform if he/she is registered. Information accuracy and security is said to be include but the mechanism in which they should be implemented is not spelt out. Types of the security measures in data security with respect to the cloud based solution system is distinctly spelt out like the use of cryptography to secure information sent in the my health record system. Performance is a general issue and is not expressed as per the implementation of my health record system. The number of processes/transactions per second that my health record system can manage to process Compatibility is a general feature for all systems according to non-functional feature. How a cloud based solution adapts to the future technologies and medicine inventions is well spelt out. This might be the responsibility of cloud service providers. Strengths and Weaknesses of a cloud based solution Cloud computing Marston, et al (2011). Strengths/Advantages. Reduced cost of implementation of a system. Implementing a cloud based solution is cheaper compared to starting a system from scratch. Developing a system from scratch requires going through all the stages of the SDLC which is very tedious and expensive even though it may cover the whole scope of the needs. Adaptation to new technologies and environments in the future is assured by the cloud based solution service providers which is totally the opposite with in-house developed. Cloud based solutions are reliable. Most cloud based solution providers offer troubleshooting repair and maintenance services to their clients through SLAs. Management of resources is done by the cloud based service providers thus the worry for resource management is not a burden to the Headspace management team. Prosperity of a business oriented organization. Cloud based solution system often support the business aspect of an organization by providing them with CRM and ERP system. Vulnerability/Weakness. Security vulnerability. Due to the network aspect where one server hosts many clients, people may device ways to compromise the authentication systems and access private information on the patients of Headspace. Security of information and services is a threat to cloud based solution systems. Slow execution or halted processes. Due to the hosting of many clients by the service providers sometimes all the processes of Headspace maybe slow or even stop to work properly. A halt of activities at Headspace would cause more harm than good. Security enhancement strategies that can be implemented and work perfectly for cloud based systems. Cryptography Katz Lindell (2014). This is the best option using the confusion and diffusion aspects of encryption. This deters a hacker who has gained access to the system from getting the actual data and information. Installation of the latest antiviruses. This is curb the resilience of the various types of malicious programs that tend to eat space on the storage devices and even interfering with the system flow of activities and code execution. SDLC Approaches to implementing my health record system that is a cloud based solution system. Two approaches are considered and compared using their pros and cons with reference to waterfall vs. agile, A comparative study on SDLC Bali Murugaiyan (2012) to find the suitable on to go with. These two approaches are Adaptive approach Pros Cons Suitable for addressing requirements that keep on changing. Has less restrictions and documentation is easily employed. Enables concurrent implementation and delivery within an overall planned context. Resources required are very minimal. Gives flexibility to developers. Sustainability, maintainability and extensibility cannot be measured or are immeasurable. Depends more on the customer needs than the rigidness of the cycle therefore knowing the scope of the system is too difficult. Transfer of technology by a new team is difficult and tiresome due to lack of documentation. Predictive Approach Pros Cons Simple and easy to understand and use. Rigidity of the approach makes it easy to manage it. Works well for smaller projects where requirements are well understood. Has clearly defined steps or levels. Error propagation as no working software is provided until late in the cycle. High amounts of risks and uncertainty. Adjusting to the scope during the system development life cycle can end the project. Does not encourage testing during the initial stages of the development life cycle. It is not compatible or cannot accommodate new changes or user needs, due to its rigidity. Recommendation The adaptive approach is the better way of implement the cloud based solution system between the two systems. For one its advantages weigh down its disadvantages whereas the predictive approach the disadvantages weigh down the advantages. Adaptive approach has a wider scope, according to Balaji Murugaiyan (2012) and Okoli Carillo (2012), and one of its disadvantage states that it is difficult to know its extent which in some way, is an advantage as it is able to accommodate all the user needs of the Headspace organization. The approach offers compatibility of the cloud based solution system, the ability to cope up with, and incorporate, new technologies. Conclusion. The strengths of the cloud based solution system weighs down its weaknesses indicating that the implementation of the cloud based solution system as my health record system comes more as an advantage to the Headspace health organization than as a setback. In this case the implementation of a cloud based solution system by the Headspace health organization would bear many benefits to the organization. Reference Balaji, S., Murugaiyan, M. S. (2012). Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 2(1), 26-30. Katz, J., Lindell, Y. (2014). Introduction to modern cryptography. CRC press. Marston, S., Li, Z., Bandyopadhyay, S., Zhang, J., Ghalsasi, A. (2011). Cloud computingthe business perspective. Decision support systems, 51(1), 176-189. Chung, L., do Prado Leite, J. C. S. (2009). On non-functional requirements in software engineering. In Conceptual modeling: Foundations and applications (pp. 363-379). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Okoli, C., Carillo, K. (2012). The best of adaptive and predictive methodologies: Open source software development, a balance between agility and discipline. International Journal of Information Technology and Management, 11(1-2), 153-166.